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Evokation
  
 
Index
  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
+
=
43
4+3
=
7
-
7
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
14
15
-
-
-
19
-
-
-
-
24
-
26
+
=
115
1+1+5
=
7
-
7
-
7
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
-
1
2
3
4
-
-
7
8
9
-
2
3
4
5
-
7
-
+
=
83
8+3
=
11
1+1
2
-
2
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
-
10
11
12
13
-
-
16
17
18
-
20
21
22
23
-
25
-
+
=
236
2+3+6
=
11
1+1
2
-
2
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
+
=
351
3+5+1
=
9
-
9
-
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
+
=
126
1+2+6
=
9
-
9
-
9
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
-
3
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
2
occurs
x
3
=
6
-
6
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
3
occurs
x
3
=
9
-
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
+
=
4
occurs
x
3
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
+
=
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
+
=
6
occurs
x
3
=
18
1+8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
+
=
7
occurs
x
3
=
21
2+1
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
+
=
8
occurs
x
3
=
24
2+4
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
45
-
-
26
-
126
-
54
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
-
2+6
-
1+2+6
-
5+4
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
9
-
-
8
-
9
-
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
9
-
-
8
-
9
-
9

 

 

4

ZERO

64

28

1
3

ONE
34

16

7
3

TWO
58

13

4
5

THREE
56

29

2
4

FOUR
60

24

6
4

FIVE
42

24

6
3

SIX
52

16

7
5

SEVEN
65

20

2
5

EIGHT
49

31

4
4

NINE
42

24

6
3

TEN
39

12

3
6

ELEVEN
63

 
27

9
6

TWELVE
87

24

6
8

THIRTEEN
99

 
45

9
8

FOURTEEN
104

41

5
7

FIFTEEN
65

38

2
7

SIXTEEN
96

33

6
9

SEVENTEEN
109

37

1
8

EIGHTEEN
73

46

1
8

NINETEEN
86

41

5
6

TWENTY
107

26

8
9

TWENTYONE
141

42

6
9

TWENTYTWO
165

39

3
11

TWENTYTHREE
163

55

1
10

TWENTYFOUR
167

50

5
10

TWENTYFIVE
149

50

5
9

TWENTYSIX
159

42

6
11

TWENTYSEVEN
172

46

1
11

TWENTYEIGHT
156

57

3
10

TWENTYNINE
149

50

5
6

THIRTY
100

37

1
9

THIRTYONE
134

53

8
9

THIRTYTWO
158

50

5
11

THIRTYTHREE
156

66

3
10

THIRTYFOUR
160

61

7
10

THIRTYFIVE
142

61

7
9

THIRTYSIX
152

53

8
11

THIRTYSEVEN
165

57

3
11

THIRTYEIGHT
149

68

5
10

THIRTYNINE
142

61

7
5

FORTY
84

30

3
8

FORTYONE
118

46

1
8

FORTYTWO
142

43

7
10

FORTYTHREE
140

59

5
9

FORTYFOUR
144

 
54

9
9

FORTYFIVE
126

 
54

9
8

FORTYSIX
136

46

1
10

FORTYSEVEN
149

50

5
10

FORTYEIGHT
133

61

7
9

FORTYNINE
126

 
54

9
5

FIFTY
66

30

3
8

FIFTYONE
100

46

1
8

FIFTYTWO
124

43

7
10

FIFTYTHREE
122

59

5
9

FIFTYFOUR
126

 
54

9
9

FIFTYFIVE
108

 
54

9
8

FIFTYSIX
118

46

1
10

FIFTYSEVEN
131

50

5
10

FIFTYEIGHT
115

61

7
9

FIFTYNINE
108

 
54

9
5

SIXTY
97

25

7
8

SIXTYONE
131

41

5
8

SIXTYTWO
155

38

2
10

SIXTYTHREE
153

54

9
9

SIXTYFOUR
157

49

4
9

SIXTYFIVE
139

49

4
8

SIXTYSIX
149

41

5
10

SIXTYSEVEN
162

 
45

9
10

SIXTYEIGHT
146

56

2
9

SIXTYNINE
139

49

4
7

SEVENTY
110

29

2
10

SEVENTYONE
144

45

9
10

SEVENTYTWO
168

42

6
12

SEVENTYTHREE
166

58

4
11

SEVENTYFOUR
170

53

8
11

SEVENTYFIVE
152

53

8
10

SEVENTYSIX
162

45

9
12

SEVENTYSEVEN
175

49

4
12

SEVENTYEIGHT
159

60

6
11

SEVENTYNINE
152

53

8
6

EIGHTY
74

38

2
9

EIGHTYONE
108

54

9
9

EIGHTYTWO
132

51

6
11

EIGHTYTHREE
130

67

4
10

EIGHTYFOUR
134

62

8
10

EIGHTYFIVE
116

62

8
9

EIGHTYSIX
126

54

9
11

EIGHTYSEVEN
139

58

4
11

EIGHTYEIGHT
123

69

6
10

EIGHTYNINE
116

62

8
6

NINETY
87

33

6
9

NINETYONE
121

49

4
9

NINETYTWO
145

46

1
11

NINETYTHREE
143

62

8
10

NINETYFOUR
147

57

3
10

NINETYFIVE
129

57

3
9

NINETYSIX
139

49

4
11

NINETYSEVEN
152

53

8
11

NINETYEIGHT
136

64

1
10

NINETYNINE
129

57

3

 

 

-
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
-
-
-
3
THE
33
15
6
7
RAINBOW
82
37
1
5
LIGHT
56
29
2
15
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
171
81
9
1+5
-
1+7+1
8+1
-
6
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
9
9
9

 

THIS IS THE SCENE OF THE SCENE UNSEEN

THE UNSEEN SEEN OF THE SCENE UNSEEN THIS IS THE SCENE

 

 

3
THE
33
15
6
4
MIND
40
22
4
2
OF
21
12
3
9
HUMANKIND
95
41
5
18
-
189
90
18
1+8
-
1+8+9
9+0
1+8
9
-
18
9
9
-
-
1+8
-
-
9
-
9
9
9

 

 

5
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
-
-
-
3
THE
33
15
6
5
SOLAR
65
29
2
6
SYSTEM
101
38
2
14
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
199
82
10
1+4
-
1+9+9
8+2
1+0
5
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
19
10
1
-
-
1+9
1+0
-
5
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
10
10
1
-
-
1+0
-
-
5
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
1
1
1

 

 

3
SUN
54
9
9
7
MERCURY
103
40
4
5
VENUS
81
18
9
5
EARTH
52
25
7
4
MOON
57
21
3
4
MARS
51
15
6
7
JUPITER
99
36
9
6
SATURN
93
21
3
6
URANUS
94
22
4
7
NEPTUNE
95
32
5
5
PLUTO
84
21
3
59
First Total
863
260
62
5+9
Add to Reduce
8+6+3
2+6
6+2
16
Second Total
17
8
8
1+6
Reduce to Deduce
1+7
-
-
7
Essence of Number
8
8
8

 

 

3
SUN
54
9
9
5
EARTH
52
25
7
4
MOON
57
21
3
12
First Total
163
55
19
1+2
Add to Reduce
1+6+3
5+5
6+2
3
Second Total
10
10
10
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
1+0
3
Essence of Number
7
7
7

 

 

-
8
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
9
-
-
-
1
-
+
=
15
1+5
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
14
9
-
-
-
19
-
+
=
42
4+2
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
8
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
4
5
9
-
5
+
=
26
2+6
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
-
21
-
-
22
5
18
-
5
+
=
71
7+1
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
8
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
21
14
9
22
5
18
19
5
+
=
113
1+1+3
=
5
=
5
=
5
-
-
3
5
9
4
5
9
1
5
+
=
41
4+1
=
5
=
5
=
5
-
8
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-`
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
TWO
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
SIX
6
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
23
8
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
22
-
-
9
-
41
-
23
2+3
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
2+2
-
-
-
-
4+1
-
2+3
5
8
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
4
-
-
9
-
5
-
5
-
-
3
5
9
4
5
9
1
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
8
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
4
-
-
9
-
5
-
5

 

 

8
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
9
-
-
-
1
-
+
=
15
1+5
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
-
14
9
-
-
-
19
-
+
=
42
4+2
=
6
=
6
=
6
8
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
4
5
9
-
5
+
=
26
2+6
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
21
-
-
22
5
18
-
5
+
=
71
7+1
=
8
=
8
=
8
8
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
21
14
9
22
5
18
19
5
+
=
113
1+1+3
=
5
=
5
=
5
-
3
5
9
4
5
9
1
5
+
=
41
4+1
=
5
=
5
=
5
8
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-`
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
8
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
22
-
-
9
-
41
-
23
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
2+2
-
-
-
-
4+1
-
2+3
8
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
4
-
-
9
-
5
-
5
-
3
5
9
4
5
9
1
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
4
-
-
9
-
5
-
5

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
THE UNIVERSE
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
U
=
3
-
8
UNIVERSE
113
41
5
-
-
5
-
11
THE UNIVERSE
146
56
11
-
-
-
-
1+1
-
1+4+6
5+6
1+1
-
-
5
-
2
THE UNIVERSE
11
11
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+1
1+0
-
-
-
5
-
2
THE UNIVERSE
2
2
2

 

 

-
11
T
H
E
-
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
5
9
-
-
-
1
-
+
=
23
2+3
=
5
=
5
=
5
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
14
9
-
-
-
19
-
+
=
50
5+0
=
5
=
5
=
5
-
11
T
H
E
-
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
5
-
3
-
-
4
5
9
-
5
+
=
33
3+3
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
-
20
-
5
-
21
-
-
22
5
18
-
5
+
=
96
9+6
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
-
11
T
H
E
-
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
8
5
-
21
14
9
22
5
18
19
5
+
=
146
1+4+6
=
11
1+1
6
=
5
-
-
2
8
5
-
3
5
9
4
5
9
1
5
+
=
56
5+6
=
11
=
5
=
5
-
11
T
H
E
-
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-`
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
SIX
6
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
13
11
T
H
E
-
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
32
-
-
11
-
41
-
23
1+3
1+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
3+2
-
-
1+1
-
4+1
-
2+3
4
2
T
H
E
-
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
5
-
-
2
-
5
-
5
-
-
2
8
5
-
3
5
9
4
5
9
1
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
2
T
H
E
-
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
5
-
-
2
-
5
-
5

 

 

11
T
H
E
-
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
5
9
-
-
-
1
-
+
=
23
2+3
=
5
=
5
=
5
-
-
8
-
-
-
14
9
-
-
-
19
-
+
=
50
5+0
=
5
=
5
=
5
11
T
H
E
-
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
5
-
3
-
-
4
5
9
-
5
+
=
33
3+3
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
20
-
5
-
21
-
-
22
5
18
-
5
+
=
96
9+6
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
11
T
H
E
-
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
8
5
-
21
14
9
22
5
18
19
5
+
=
146
1+4+6
=
11
1+1
6
=
5
-
2
8
5
-
3
5
9
4
5
9
1
5
+
=
56
5+6
=
11
=
5
=
5
11
T
H
E
-
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-`
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
11
T
H
E
-
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
32
-
-
11
-
41
-
23
1+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
3+2
-
-
1+1
-
4+1
-
2+3
2
T
H
E
-
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
5
-
-
2
-
5
-
5
-
2
8
5
-
3
5
9
4
5
9
1
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
T
H
E
-
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
5
-
-
2
-
5
-
5

 

 

11
T
H
E
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
5
9
-
-
-
1
-
+
=
23
2+3
=
5
=
5
=
5
-
-
8
-
-
14
9
-
-
-
19
-
+
=
50
5+0
=
5
=
5
=
5
11
T
H
E
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
5
3
-
-
4
5
9
-
5
+
=
33
3+3
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
20
-
5
21
-
-
22
5
18
-
5
+
=
96
9+6
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
11
T
H
E
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
8
5
21
14
9
22
5
18
19
5
+
=
146
1+4+6
=
11
1+1
6
=
5
-
2
8
5
3
5
9
4
5
9
1
5
+
=
56
5+6
=
11
=
5
=
5
11
T
H
E
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-`
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
5
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
11
T
H
E
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
32
-
-
11
-
41
-
23
1+1
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
3+2
-
-
1+1
-
4+1
-
2+3
2
T
H
E
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
5
-
-
2
-
5
-
5
-
2
8
5
3
5
9
4
5
9
1
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
T
H
E
U
N
I
V
E
R
S
E
-
-
5
-
-
2
-
5
-
5

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
S
=
1
-
5
SOLAR
65
20
2
S
=
1
-
6
SYSTEM
101
20
2
-
-
4
-
14
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
199
55
10
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
1+9+9
5+5
1+0
-
-
5
-
5
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
19
10
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+9
1+0
-
-
-
5
-
5
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
10
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
5
-
5
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
1
1
1

 

 

-
14
T
H
E
-
S
O
L
A
R
-
S
Y
S
T
E
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
1
6
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
+
=
17
1+7
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
8
-
-
19
15
-
-
-
-
19
-
19
-
-
-
+
=
80
8+0
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
14
T
H
E
-
S
O
L
A
R
-
S
Y
S
T
E
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
5
-
-
-
3
1
9
-
-
7
-
2
5
4
+
=
38
3+8
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
-
20
-
5
-
-
-
12
1
18
-
-
25
-
20
5
13
+
=
119
1+1+9
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
14
T
H
E
-
S
O
L
A
R
-
S
Y
S
T
E
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
8
5
-
19
15
12
1
18
-
19
25
19
20
5
13
+
=
199
1+9+9
=
19
1+9
10
1+0
1
-
-
2
8
5
-
1
6
3
1
9
-
1
7
1
2
5
4
+
=
55
5+5
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
14
T
H
E
-
S
O
L
A
R
-
S
Y
S
T
E
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
4
=
4
=
4
2
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
2
=
10
1+0
1
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
=
7
8
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
45
14
T
H
E
-
S
O
L
A
R
-
S
Y
S
T
E
M
-
-
45
-
-
14
-
55
-
46
4+5
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
-
1+4
-
5+5
-
4+6
9
5
T
H
E
-
S
O
L
A
R
-
S
Y
S
T
E
M
-
-
9
-
-
5
-
10
-
10
-
-
2
8
5
-
1
6
3
1
9
-
1
7
1
2
5
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
1+0
9
5
T
H
E
-
S
O
L
A
R
-
S
Y
S
T
E
M
-
-
9
-
-
5
-
1
-
1

 

 

-
14
T
H
E
S
O
L
A
R
S
Y
S
T
E
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
1
6
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
+
=
17
1+7
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
8
-
19
15
-
-
-
19
-
19
-
-
-
+
=
80
8+0
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
14
T
H
E
S
O
L
A
R
S
Y
S
T
E
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
5
-
-
3
1
9
-
7
-
2
5
4
+
=
38
3+8
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
-
20
-
5
-
-
12
1
18
-
25
-
20
5
13
+
=
119
1+1+9
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
14
T
H
E
S
O
L
A
R
S
Y
S
T
E
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
8
5
19
15
12
1
18
19
25
19
20
5
13
+
=
199
1+9+9
=
19
1+9
10
1+0
1
-
-
2
8
5
1
6
3
1
9
1
7
1
2
5
4
+
=
55
5+5
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
14
T
H
E
S
O
L
A
R
S
Y
S
T
E
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
4
=
4
=
4
2
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
3
-
-
-
-
-
--
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
2
=
10
1+0
1
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
=
7
8
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
45
14
T
H
E
S
O
L
A
R
S
Y
S
T
E
M
-
-
45
-
-
14
-
55
-
46
4+5
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
-
1+4
-
5+5
-
4+6
9
5
T
H
E
S
O
L
A
R
S
Y
S
T
E
M
-
-
9
-
-
5
-
10
-
10
-
-
2
8
5
1
6
3
1
9
1
7
1
2
5
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
1+0
9
5
T
H
E
S
O
L
A
R
S
Y
S
T
E
M
-
-
9
-
-
5
-
1
-
1

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
THE CONSTELLATIONS
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
C
=
3
-
14
CONSTELLATIONS
65
52
7
-
-
5
-
17
THE CONSTELLATIONS
211
67
13
-
-
-
-
1+7
-
2+1+1
6+7
1+3
-
-
5
-
8
THE CONSTELLATIONS
4
13
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
5
-
8
THE CONSTELLATIONS
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
8
THE CONSTELLATIONS
4
1
4

 

 

-
17
T
H
E
-
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
6
5
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
6
5
1
+
=
41
4+1
=
5
=
5
=
5
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
15
14
19
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
15
14
19
+
=
113
1+1+3
=
5
=
5
=
5
-
17
T
H
E
-
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
5
-
3
-
-
-
2
5
3
3
1
2
-
-
-
-
+
=
26
2+6
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
-
20
-
5
-
3
-
-
-
20
5
12
12
1
20
-
-
-
-
+
=
98
9+8
=
17
1+7
8
=
8
-
17
T
H
E
-
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
8
5
-
3
15
14
19
20
5
12
12
1
20
9
15
14
19
+
=
211
2+1+1
=
4
=
4
=
4
-
-
2
8
5
-
3
6
5
1
2
5
3
3
1
2
9
6
5
1
+
=
67
6+7
=
13
1+3
4
=
4
-
17
T
H
E
-
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
3
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
--
-
-
-
-
3
3
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
3
=
9
=
9
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
FOUR
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
2
=
12
1+2
3
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
11
17
T
H
E
-
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
34
-
-
17
-
67
-
40
1+1
1+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
3+4
-
-
1+7
-
6+7
-
4+0
2
8
T
H
E
-
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
7
-
-
8
-
13
-
4
-
-
2
8
5
-
3
6
5
1
2
5
3
3
1
2
9
6
5
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
8
T
H
E
-
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
7
-
-
8
-
4
-
4

 

 

17
T
H
E
-
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
6
5
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
6
5
1
+
=
41
4+1
=
5
=
5
=
5
-
-
8
-
-
-
15
14
19
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
15
14
19
+
=
113
1+1+3
=
5
=
5
=
5
17
T
H
E
-
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
5
-
3
-
-
-
2
5
3
3
1
2
-
-
-
-
+
=
26
2+6
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
20
-
5
-
3
-
-
-
20
5
12
12
1
20
-
-
-
-
+
=
98
9+8
=
17
1+7
8
=
8
17
T
H
E
-
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
8
5
-
3
15
14
19
20
5
12
12
1
20
9
15
14
19
+
=
211
2+1+1
=
4
=
4
=
4
-
2
8
5
-
3
6
5
1
2
5
3
3
1
2
9
6
5
1
+
=
67
6+7
=
13
1+3
4
=
4
17
T
H
E
-
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
3
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
3
--
-
-
-
-
3
3
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
3
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
2
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
17
T
H
E
-
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
34
-
-
17
-
67
-
40
1+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
3+4
-
-
1+7
-
6+7
-
4+0
8
T
H
E
-
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
7
-
-
8
-
13
-
4
-
2
8
5
-
3
6
5
1
2
5
3
3
1
2
9
6
5
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
T
H
E
-
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
7
-
-
8
-
4
-
4

 

 

17
T
H
E
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
6
5
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
6
5
1
+
=
41
4+1
=
5
=
5
=
5
-
-
8
-
-
15
14
19
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
15
14
19
+
=
113
1+1+3
=
5
=
5
=
5
17
T
H
E
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
5
3
-
-
-
2
5
3
3
1
2
-
-
-
-
+
=
26
2+6
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
20
-
5
3
-
-
-
20
5
12
12
1
20
-
-
-
-
+
=
98
9+8
=
17
1+7
8
=
8
17
T
H
E
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
8
5
3
15
14
19
20
5
12
12
1
20
9
15
14
19
+
=
211
2+1+1
=
4
=
4
=
4
-
2
8
5
3
6
5
1
2
5
3
3
1
2
9
6
5
1
+
=
67
6+7
=
13
1+3
4
=
4
17
T
H
E
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
3
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
3
--
-
-
-
-
3
3
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
3
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
2
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
17
T
H
E
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
34
-
-
17
-
67
-
40
1+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
3+4
-
-
1+7
-
6+7
-
4+0
8
T
H
E
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
7
-
-
8
-
13
-
4
-
2
8
5
3
6
5
1
2
5
3
3
1
2
9
6
5
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
T
H
E
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
S
-
-
7
-
-
8
-
4
-
4

 

 

-
ORION
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
1
R
18
9
9
1
I
9
9
9
1
O
15
6
6
1
N
14
5
5
5
ORION
71
35
35
-
-
7+1
3+5
3+5
5
ORION
8
8
8

 

 

5
ORION
71
35
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
OR
33
15
6
4
IRON
56
29
2
2
IS
28
10
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
ORIONIS
99
54
9

 

 

5
ORION
71
35
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ORIONIS
-
-
-
1
ORI
42
24
6
1
O
15
6
6
1
NIS
42
15
6
7
ORIONIS
99
54
18
-
-
9+9
5+4
1+8
7
ORIONIS
18
9
9
-
-
1+8
-
-
7
ORIONIS
9
9
9

 

 

5
ORION
71
35
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ORIONIS
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
1
R
18
9
9
1
I
9
9
9
1
O
15
6
6
1
NIS
42
15
6
7
ORIONIS
99
54
36
-
-
9+9
5+4
3+6
7
ORIONIS
18
9
9
-
-
1+8
-
-
7
ORIONIS
9
9
9

 

ORION IS IS ORION

 

5
ORION
71
35
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ORIONIS
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
1
R
18
9
9
1
I
9
9
9
1
O
15
6
6
1
N
14
5
5
1
I
9
9
9
1
S
19
10
1
7
ORIONIS
99
54
45
-
-
9+9
5+4
4+5
7
ORIONIS
18
9
9
-
-
1+8
-
-
7
ORIONIS
9
9
9

 

ORION IS IS ORION

 

-
23
T
H
E
-
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
-
O
F
-
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
6
5
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
6
5
-
6
-
-
6
-
9
6
5
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
15
14
19
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
15
14
-
15
-
-
15
-
9
15
14
+
=
162
1+6+2
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
23
T
H
E
-
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
-
O
F
-
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
5
-
3
-
-
-
2
5
3
3
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
9
-
-
-
+
=
41
4+1
=
5
=
5
=
5
-
-
20
-
5
-
3
-
-
-
20
5
12
12
1
20
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
18
-
-
-
+
=
122
1+2+2
=
5
=
5
=
5
-
23
T
H
E
-
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
-
O
F
-
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
8
5
-
3
15
14
19
20
5
12
12
1
20
9
15
14
-
15
6
-
15
18
9
15
14
+
=
284
2+8+4
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
2
8
5
-
3
6
5
1
2
5
3
3
1
2
9
6
5
-
6
6
-
6
9
9
6
5
+
=
113
1+1+3
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
23
T
H
E
-
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
-
O
F
-
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
3
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
3
=
9
=
9
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
4
FOUR
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
5
=
25
2+5
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
6
6
-
6
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
6
=
36
3+6
9
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
7
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
3
=
27
1+8
9
11
23
T
H
E
-
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
-
O
F
-
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
34
-
-
23
-
113
-
50
1+1
2+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
3+4
-
-
2+3
-
1+1+3
-
5+0
2
5
T
H
E
-
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
-
O
F
-
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
7
-
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
-
2
8
5
-
3
6
5
1
2
5
3
3
1
2
9
6
5
-
6
6
-
6
9
9
6
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
5
T
H
E
-
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
-
O
F
-
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
7
-
-
5
-
5
-
5

 

 

23
T
H
E
-
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
-
O
F
-
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
6
5
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
6
5
-
6
-
-
6
-
9
6
5
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
8
-
-
-
15
14
19
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
15
14
-
15
-
-
15
-
9
15
14
+
=
162
1+6+2
=
9
=
9
=
9
23
T
H
E
-
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
-
O
F
-
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
5
-
3
-
-
-
2
5
3
3
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
9
-
-
-
+
=
41
4+1
=
5
=
5
=
5
-
20
-
5
-
3
-
-
-
20
5
12
12
1
20
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
18
-
-
-
+
=
122
1+2+2
=
5
=
5
=
5
23
T
H
E
-
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
-
O
F
-
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
8
5
-
3
15
14
19
20
5
12
12
1
20
9
15
14
-
15
6
-
15
18
9
15
14
+
=
284
2+8+4
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
2
8
5
-
3
6
5
1
2
5
3
3
1
2
9
6
5
-
6
6
-
6
9
9
6
5
+
=
113
1+1+3
=
9
=
9
=
9
23
T
H
E
-
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
-
O
F
-
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
3
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
3
--
-
-
-
-
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
3
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
5
=
25
2+5
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
6
6
-
6
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
6
=
36
3+6
9
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
3
=
27
1+8
9
23
T
H
E
-
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
-
O
F
-
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
34
-
-
23
-
113
-
50
2+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
3+4
-
-
2+3
-
1+1+3
-
5+0
5
T
H
E
-
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
-
O
F
-
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
7
-
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
2
8
5
-
3
6
5
1
2
5
3
3
1
2
9
6
5
-
6
6
-
6
9
9
6
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
T
H
E
-
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
-
O
F
-
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
7
-
-
5
-
5
-
5

 

 

23
T
H
E
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
O
F
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
6
5
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
6
5
6
-
6
-
9
6
5
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
8
-
-
15
14
19
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
15
14
15
-
15
-
9
15
14
+
=
162
1+6+2
=
9
=
9
=
9
23
T
H
E
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
O
F
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
5
3
-
-
-
2
5
3
3
1
2
-
-
-
-
6
-
9
-
-
-
+
=
41
4+1
=
5
=
5
=
5
-
20
-
5
3
-
-
-
20
5
12
12
1
20
-
-
-
-
6
-
18
-
-
-
+
=
122
1+2+2
=
5
=
5
=
5
23
T
H
E
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
O
F
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
8
5
3
15
14
19
20
5
12
12
1
20
9
15
14
15
6
15
18
9
15
14
+
=
284
2+8+4
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
2
8
5
3
6
5
1
2
5
3
3
1
2
9
6
5
6
6
6
9
9
6
5
+
=
113
1+1+3
=
9
=
9
=
9
23
T
H
E
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
O
F
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
3
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
3
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
5
=
25
2+5
7
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
6
6
6
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
6
=
36
3+6
9
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
3
=
27
1+8
9
23
T
H
E
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
O
F
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
34
-
-
23
-
113
-
50
2+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
3+4
-
-
2+3
-
1+1+3
-
5+0
5
T
H
E
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
O
F
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
7
-
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
2
8
5
3
6
5
1
2
5
3
3
1
2
9
6
5
6
6
6
9
9
6
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
T
H
E
C
O
N
S
T
E
L
L
A
T
I
O
N
O
F
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
7
-
-
5
-
5
-
5

 

 

the Alpha star of Orion we have to say “Alpha Orionis”, meaning “Alpha of Orion” – “Orionis” be-ing the genitive of Orion. Likewise, Eta of Carina is “Eta ... www.pretoria-astronomy.co.za/pdf/newsletters_august_2008

"If we want to talk about the Alpha star of Orion we have to say “Alpha Orionis”, meaning “Alpha of Orion” – “Orionis” being
the genitive of Orion."

 

[as genitive] (O·ri·o·nis / ˌôrēˈōnis/ ) used with a preceding letter or numeral to ... Orion is outlined by the prominent stars Betelgeuse (Alpha Orionis. ... www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-orion.html

O·ri·on / əˈrīən/ 1. Greek Mythol. a giant and hunter who was changed into a constellation at his death. 2. Astron. a conspicuous constellation (the Hunter), said to represent a hunter holding a club and shield. It lies on the celestial equator and contains many bright stars, including Rigel, Betelgeuse, and a line of three that form Orion's belt. ∎  [as genitive] (O·ri·o·nis / ˌôrēˈōnis/ ) used with a preceding letter or numeral to designate a star in this constellation: the multiple star Theta Orionis.

 

 

RANKING STARS IN A CONSTELLATION

Or, for constellations not ending in "-us," add "-is" (e.g., Orion becomes Orionis). For your convenience, the genitive case is indicated at the top of the ... homepage.mac.com/kvmagruder/bcp/aster/constellations/alpha.htm

"Lift your eyes and look to the heavens: Who created all these?
He who brings out the starry host one by one, and calls them each by name.
Because of his great power and mighty strength, not one of them is missing."
Isaiah 40:25

Stars within a given constellation are usually ranked according to relative brightness by the Greek alphabet. The brightest star is alpha, the second-brightest beta, the third-brightest gamma, and so forth. There are some exceptions, when an especially common constellation (such as Ursa Major or Crux) is numbered according to its linear sequence, like a dot-to-dot diagram.

Star names have two parts; the first is the Greek letter indicating its brightness. The second part of a star name indicates its constellation. To obtain this constellation part of the star name, the letter of the Greek alphabet which indicates a star's brightness is conjoined with the Latin genitive case of the name of the constellation. For example, the brightest star of the constellation Centaurus is "alpha-Centauri," which happens to be the star nearest to our own Sun (though it is actually a multiple star system). "Centauri" is the Latin genitive case of "Centaurus." In general, the genitive case is obtained by changing the suffix "-us" to "-i," (e.g., Taurus becomes Tauri). Or, for constellations not ending in "-us," add "-is" (e.g., Orion becomes Orionis).

 

 

As to why it's Orionis rather than Orion, etc.—these are just the genitive (possessive) cases of the Latin names/words for the constellations. ... www.astro.cornell.edu/research/projects/CAS/faq.html

Cornell Astronomical Society

7) What do these names like "Delta Orionis" mean? Why is it "Orionis" and not "Orion?"

Some stars have their own proper names, like Rigel (in Orion), Vega (in Lyra), or Polaris (in Ursa Minor). These are either prominent, bright stars, or they occupy particular places in the constellations. (For example, two fun star names are Zubenelgenubi and Zubeneschamali, Arabic names meaning "The Southern Claw" and "The Northern Claw," respectively; the stars are in Libra, the Balance. Libra used to be part of Scorpius, the Scorpion; these stars were its two claws.)

Most stars, however, don't have special names. For those such stars visible to the eye, we use a system developed by Johann Bayer in the 17th century. He ranked stars in constellations in order from brightest to dimmest, using letters of the Greek alphabet: Alpha is the brightest star of a constellation, Beta the second brightest, etc. When the Greek alphabet has been exhausted, numbers are used. This latter system was devised by the 17th century British astronomer John Flamsteed, who assigned numbers even to stars that Bayer had given letter designations; most people only use the Flamsteed numbers for stars that do not have proper names or Greek letters.

As to why it's Orionis rather than Orion, etc.—these are just the genitive (possessive) cases of the Latin names/words for the constellations. Thus, "Delta Orionis" is "4th brightest star of the constellation Orion." While you need to learn Latin for the details (and it's very useful to know Latin, so you should consider it!), for nearly all the constellations the rules are: 1) if the name ends in "a" (Lyra, Andromeda,...), the genitive will end in "ae" (Lyrae, Andromedae,...); 2) if the name ends in "us" or "um" (Cygnus, Cepheus, Scutum,...), the genitive will end in "i" (Cygni, Cephei, Scuti,...); 3) anything else (Orion, Virgo,...) is likely a "3rd declension noun," which indicates a sort of kitchen-sink situation re whether/how the base portion of the noun changes—simple answer is, memorize the genitive versions.

 

 

9 Jun 2008 ... is designated R followed by the genitive of the constellation name (eg. ... At maximum light, FU Orionis stars are of spectral type A - G after which the spectral ... For more information, see: Orion variable stars ...
en.citizendium.org/wiki/Variable_star

 

Variable star - encyclopedia - Citezendium

FU Orionis stars

Named after the prototype of this class, FU Orionis (GCVS code: FU), these stars are characterized by a slow outburst in which the brightness of the star increases up to 6 magnitudes over a number of months and stays at maximum brightness for up to several years after which a slow decline sets in that dims the star by a couple of magnitudes. During an outburst the spectral type of the stars can change significantly and an emission spectrum develops as well. At maximum light, FU Orionis stars are of spectral type A - G after which the spectral type becomes later. All FU Orionis stars are associated with reflecting nebulae.[2][3]

FU Orionis stars are pre-main sequence stars somewhat similar to T Tauri stars. The prototype was first discovered in 1939 by A. Wachmann when the star increased some 100-fold in brightness. FU Orionis was studied in depth by George Herbig in the 1960s and 1970s.[2] There are some 10 stars known of this type.

 

ORION IS IS ORION

 

-
7
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
9
6
5
9
1
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
-
9
-
-
15
-
9
15
14
9
19
+
=
81
8+1
=
9
=
9
-
9
-
7
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
9
-
=
9
=
9
-
9
-
-
-
18
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
18
1+8
=
9
=
9
-
9
-
7
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
18
9
15
14
9
19
+
=
99
9+9
=
18
1+8
9
-
9
-
-
6
9
9
6
5
9
1
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
=
9
-
9
-
7
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
2
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
TWO
2
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
THREE
3
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
FOUR
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
5
-
-
6
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
2
=
12
1+2
3
7
-
7
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
3
=
27
2+7
9
24
7
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
21
-
-
7
-
45
-
18
2+4
-
-
9
9
-
-
9
-
-
-
2+1
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
1+8
6
7
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
3
-
-
7
-
9
-
9
-
-
6
9
9
6
5
9
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
7
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
3
-
-
7
-
9
-
9

 

 

7
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
9
6
5
9
1
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
-
9
-
15
-
9
15
14
9
19
+
=
81
8+1
=
9
=
9
-
9
7
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
9
-
=
9
=
9
-
9
-
-
18
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
18
1+8
=
9
=
9
-
9
7
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
18
9
15
14
9
19
+
=
99
9+9
=
18
1+8
9
-
9
-
6
9
9
6
5
9
1
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
=
9
-
9
7
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
5
-
6
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
2
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
9
9
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
3
=
27
2+7
9
7
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
21
-
-
7
-
45
-
18
-
-
9
9
-
-
9
-
-
-
2+1
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
1+8
7
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
3
-
-
7
-
9
-
9
-
6
9
9
6
5
9
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
3
-
-
7
-
9
-
9

 

 

ORIONIS

ORIONIS OSIRION ORIONIS

OSIREION

 

 

Osireion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osireion

The Osirion or Osireon is located at Abydos at the rear of the temple of Seti I. It is an integral part of Seti I's funeral complex and is built to resemble an 18th ...

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Osirion at the rear of the temple of Seti I at Abydos, the underground entry to the Osireion is at the top of the picture, see image below
The Osirion or Osireon is located at Abydos at the rear of the temple of Seti I. It is an integral part of Seti I's funeral complex and is built to resemble an 18th Dynasty Valley of the Kings tomb. [1] It was discovered by archaeologists Flinders Petrie and Margaret Murray who were excavating the site in 1902-3. The Osirion was originally built at a considerably lower level than the foundations of the temple of Seti, who ruled from 1294 - 1279 BC [2]. While there is disagreement as to its true age, despite the fact that it is situated at a lower depth than the structures nearby, that it features a very different architectural approach, and that it is frequently flooded with water which would have made carving it impossible had the water level been the same at the time of construction, Peter Brand says it "can be dated confidently to Seti's reign."[3]

 

-
OSIREION
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
1
S
19
10
1
1
I
9
9
9
1
R
18
9
9
1
E
5
5
5
1
I
9
9
9
1
O
15
6
6
1
N
14
5
5
8
OSIREION
104
59
50
-
-
1+0+4
5+9
4+5
8
OSIREION
5
14
9
-
-
-
1+4
-
8
OSIREION
5
5
9

 

 

-
OSIREION
-
-
-
2
S+O
25
16
7
1
I
9
9
9
1
R
18
9
9
1
E
5
5
5
1
I
9
9
9
2
O+N
29
11
2
8
OSIREION
104
59
50
-
-
1+0+4
5+9
4+5
8
OSIREION
5
14
9
-
-
-
1+4
-
8
OSIREION
5
5
9

 

 

-
OSIREION
-
-
-
4
O+S+I+R
61
25
7
4
E+I+O+N
43
25
7
8
OSIREION
104
50
14
-
-
1+0+4
5+0
1+4
8
OSIREION
5
5
5

 

 

-
OSIRION
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
1
S
19
10
1
1
I
9
9
9
1
R
18
9
9
1
I
9
9
9
1
O
15
6
6
1
N
14
5
5
7
OSIRION
99
54
45
-
-
9+9
5+4
4+5
7
OSIRION
18
9
9
-
-
1+8
-
-
7
OSIRION
9
9
9

 

 

-
OSIRION
-
-
-
2
S+O
34
16
7
1
I
9
9
9
1
R
18
9
9
1
I
9
9
9
2
O+N
29
11
2
7
OSIRION
99
54
45
-
-
9+9
5+4
4+5
7
OSIRION
18
9
9
-
-
1+8
-
-
7
OSIRION
9
9
9

 

 

O
=
6
-
8
OSIREION
104
50
5
O
=
6
-
7
OSIRION
99
54
9
-
-
3
-
6
-
203
104
14
-
-
1+2
-
1+5
-
2+0+3
1+1+3
9+5
-
-
3
-
6
-
5
5
14
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
-
-
3
-
6
-
9
9
9

 

 

Osireion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osireion

The Osirion or Osireon is located at Abydos at the rear of the temple of Seti I. It is an integral part of Seti I's funeral complex and is built to resemble an 18th ...

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Osirion at the rear of the temple of Seti I at Abydos, the underground entry to the Osireion is at the top of the picture, see (image omitted) below

The Osirion or Osireon is located at Abydos at the rear of the temple of Seti I. It is an integral part of Seti I's funeral complex and is built to resemble an 18th Dynasty Valley of the Kings tomb. [1] It was discovered by archaeologists Flinders Petrie and Margaret Murray who were excavating the site in 1902-3. The Osirion was originally built at a considerably lower level than the foundations of the temple of Seti, who ruled from 1294 - 1279 BC [2]. While there is disagreement as to its true age, despite the fact that it is situated at a lower depth than the structures nearby, that it features a very different architectural approach, and that it is frequently flooded with water which would have made carving it impossible had the water level been the same at the time of construction, Peter Brand says it "can be dated confidently to Seti's reign."[3]

 

-
OSIRION
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
1
S
19
10
1
1
I
9
9
9
1
R
18
9
9
1
I
9
9
9
1
O
15
6
6
1
N
14
5
5
7
OSIRION
99
54
45
-
-
9+9
5+4
4+5
7
OSIRION
18
9
9
-
-
1+8
-
-
7
OSIRION
9
9
9

 

OSIRION

 

-
7
O
S
I
R
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
1
9
-
9
6
5
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
15
19
9
-
9
15
14
+
=
81
8+1
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
7
O
S
I
R
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
+
=
9
-
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
-
-
18
-
-
-
+
=
18
1+8
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
7
O
S
I
R
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
19
9
18
9
15
14
+
=
99
9+9
=
9
1+8
9
=
9
-
-
6
1
9
9
9
6
5
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
7
O
S
I
R
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
TWO
2
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
--
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
3
THREE
3
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
--
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
4
FOUR
4
-
-
-
-
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-
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--
-
-
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5
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
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=
5
-
-
6
-
-
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6
-
-
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6
occurs
x
2
=
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7
-
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-
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-
--
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
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-
-
-
-
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8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
3
=
27
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9
24
7
O
S
I
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I
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N
-
-
21
-``
-
7
-
45
-
18
2+4
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
2+1
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
1+8
6
7
O
S
I
R
I
O
N
-
-
3
-``
-
7
-
9
-
9
-
-
6
1
9
9
9
6
5
-
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-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
7
O
S
I
R
I
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N
-
-
3
-``
-
7
-
9
-
9

 

 

7
O
S
I
R
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
6
1
9
-
9
6
5
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
15
19
9
-
9
15
14
+
=
81
8+1
=
9
=
9
=
9
7
O
S
I
R
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
+
=
9
-
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
-
18
-
-
-
+
=
18
1+8
=
9
=
9
=
9
7
O
S
I
R
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
15
19
9
18
9
15
14
+
=
99
9+9
=
9
1+8
9
=
9
-
6
1
9
9
9
6
5
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
=
9
=
9
7
O
S
I
R
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
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THE SIRIUS MYSTERY

Robert K.G..Temple

Page 69

" Back to Anubis. Wallis Budge says of him:26 'His worship is very ancient, and there is no doubt that even in the earliest times his cult was general in Egypt; it is probable that it is older than that of Osiris.' Also he points out here, as elsewhere, that the face of the deceased human becomes identified with Anubis, and it is just the head of Anubis which is symbolically represented by the jackal or dog. I have already pointed out that he is described as the circle or orbit separating the dark Nephthys from the light Isis or Sirius. In other words, I take Anubis to represent the orbit of Sirius B around Sirius A. We also find him described as 'time',27 a particularly intelligent way oflooking
at an orbit as progressive and sequential in time. 'Time the devourer', a motif common to us all, is no stranger to the Egyptians. It should not surprise us that Anubis is also represented as a devourer! More specifically, he is accused of
devouring the Apis bull. The Apis bull is the animal into which the dead Osiris was sewn and transported, according to a late legend which is widely known. But more basically, the 'Apis Bull' (the deity known under the Ptolemies as Serapis) is Asar-I;Iapi. It is Osiris himself! In The Gods of the Egyptians, we read 'Apis is called "the life of Osiris, the lord of heaven" , and 'Apis was, in fact, believed to be animated by the soul of Os iris, and to be Os iris incarnate'. 28
So, consequently, when Anubis devoured Apis, he was eating the husband of Isis! It is very colourfully represented in these dramatic mythological terms, but the meaning is clear.. We read later:29
'Others again are of the opinion that by Anubis is meant Time, and that his denomination of Kuon [the Greek word for 'dog'] does not so much allude to any likeness which he has to the dog, though this be the general rendering of the word, as to that other significance of the term taken from breeding; because Time begets all things out of itself, bearing them within itself, as it were in a womb. But this is one of those secret doctrines which are more fully made known to those who are initiated into the worship of Anubis. '
Exactly. A secret doctrine! What one would give for a fuller account! This is the trouble with most of our sources; they give away little except by inference. Secret doctrines are not scribbled down too frequently and left for posterity. The most secret doctrine" of the Dogon was only revealed with great reluctance after many, many years, and following upon a conference by the initiates. The Egyptians were no fools, and we can hardly expect them to have left papyri or ,texts specifically revealing in so many words what they were not supposed to reveal. We can only try to piece together clues. But we will see our clues eventually turn into a veritable avalanche.
The last passage from Wallis Budge was a quotation by him from Plutarch's 'Isis and Osiris'. Many Egyptologists have remarked on the irony that we have nowhere in Egyptian sources a full, coherent account of Isis and Os iris ­not even in all the sources put together! And we are forced to rely on Plutarch, who did preserve a long account which he wrote in his native Greek. Plutarch is thought to have been a priest himself, and was certainly a Delphic initiate.

Page 70

"He had a talent for befriending priests and priestesses. One of his best friends was the priestess Clea of the oracle at Delphi. His treatise 'Isis and Osiris' is dedicated to Clea and addressed to her. It begins with these words: 'All good things, my dear Clea, sensible men must ask from the gods; and especially do we pray that from those mighty gods we may, in our quest, gain a knowledge of themselves, so far as such a thing is attainable by men.' This gives some indication of what Plutarch was like as a man.
The Introduction to the Loeb edition of Is is and Osiris by F. C. Babbitt says: '[Plutarch] once visited Egypt, but how long he stayed and how much he learned we have no means of knowing. It is most likely that his treatise represents the knowledge current in his day, derived, no doubt, from two sources: books and priests.' It is certain that Plutarch's friend Clea, who was so important at Delphi, would have seen to it that Plutarch had ample introductions to leading priests of Egypt. This sort of thing was standard practice - as with the study of Egyptian religion and astronomy undertaken centuries earlier by the Greek scholar Eudoxus (colleague of Plato and Aristotle), who was given a letter of introduction to the last of the native Pharaohs, Nectanebo, by the Spartan general Agesilaus, and who in turn sent him off to associate with his priests. The fact that Plutarch's treatise is addressed to Cl ea may indicate a debt to her for its preparation as well as common religious enthusiasms. So, no doubt Plutarch did with the Egyptian priests what Griaule and Dieterlen did with the Dogon - drew some secret traditions out of them. It is thus not surprising that Plutarch's essay is more respected by Egyptologists than by classicists.
Plutarch says: 'Some are of the opinion that Anubis is Cronos.'30 Chronos, of course, was the Greek 'time the devourer', spelt with an h. Cronos in Latin is Saturn. There is a considerable debate among scholars whether Cronos (Sa turn), the former chief god prior to Zeus (J u pi ter), has any definite relation to the word chronos spelt with the h and sometimes used as a proper name for Time. From this latter word we derive chronology, chronicle, etc. The Sumerian god Anu is quite similar to the Greek Cronos because both Cronos and Anu were 'old' gods who were displaced by younger blood - by Zeus and Enlil
respectively. Thus another possible link between Anu and Anubis, if one be willing to grant that Cronos and Chronos are not entirely separate words and concepts in ancient pre-classical Greece.
Wallis Budge continues with reference to Plutarch:
Referring to Osiris as the 'common Reason which pervades both the superior and inferior regions of the universe', he [Plutarch] says that it is, moreover, called 'Anubis, and sometimes likewise Hermanubis (i.e. I:Ieru-em-Anpu); the first of these names expressing the relation it has to the superior, as the latter, to the inferior world. And for this reason it is, they sacrifice to him two Cocks, the one white, as a proper emblem of the purity and brightness of things above, the other of a saffron colour, expressive of that mixture and variety which is to found on those lower regions.'
Here is what I take to be a possible reference to the white Sirius A and the
'darker' Sir ius B. But also, the 'lower regions' are the horizons, where white heavenly bodies at their 'births' and 'deaths' become saffron-coloured.
There is a clearer translation by Babbitt in the precise description of Anubis / Page 71 / as 'the combined relation of the things'31 rather than as 'the common Reason which pervades' the light world and the dark world. A circular orbit is just that - 'a combined relation' between the star revolving and the star revolved around. In order to make this more firmly established less as fancy than as fact, I shall cite Plutarch's words from his next paragraph (Babbitt's translation):
'Moreover, they (the Egyptians) record that in the so-called books of Hermes (the Trismegistic literature?) it is written in regard to the sacred names
that they call the power which is assigned to direct the revolution of the Sun Horus . . .'
This is important because we see here that they specifically call the orbit of the sun by a god's name. If they can call the revolution of the sun by a god's name, they can call the revolution of Sirius B (assuming they really knew about it) by a god's name. We are dealing with a precedent. Now we resume this quotation because it is interesting for other reasons: '. . . but the Greeks call it Apollo; and the power assigned to the wind some call Osiris and others Serapis; and Sothis in Egyptian signifies "pregnancy" (cyesis) or "to be pregnant" (cyein): therefore in Greek, with a change of accent, the star is called the Dog-star (Cyon), which they regard as the special star of Isis.'
A further piece of information from Plutarch about Anubis is :32 I 'And when the child (Anubis, child of Nephthys by Osiris) had been found, after great toil and trouble, with the help of dogs which led Isis to it, it was brought up and became her guardian and attendant, receiving the name Anubis, and it is said to protect the gods just as dogs protect men.'
If Anubis is conceived of as an orbit around Sirius, then he would indeed be attendant upon Isis! He would go round and round her like a guard dog.
Plutarch has an interesting tale: 'Moreover, Eudoxus says that the Egyptians have a mythical tradition in regard to Zeus that, because his legs were grown together, he was not able to walk. . .'33 This sounds very like the amphibious Oannes of the Sumerians who had a tail for swimming instead of legs for walking.
Plutarch provides us with an important and crucial clue linking Isis with the Argo and the Argonauts and demonstrating a probable derivation of an idea that has puzzled classicists enormously (and later on we shall see the links between Isis and the Argo considerably elaborated): 'Like these also are the Egyptian beliefs; for they often times call 1sis by the name of Athena, expressive
of some such idea as this, "I came of myself," which is indicative of self­impelled motion. '34
I t must be remembered that the Greek goddess Athena, the goddess of the mind and of wisdom, was reputed to have sprung full-fledged from the brow of Zeus. She was not born. She came of herself. However, the quotation must be continued to make the point:
Typhon, as has been said, is named Seth and Bebon and Smu, and these names would indicate some forcible and preventive check or opposition or reversal.
Moreover, they call the lodestone the bone of Horus, and iron the bone of Typhon, as Manetho records. For, as the iron oftentimes acts as if it were being attracted and drawn toward the stone, and oftentimes is rejected / Page 72 / and repelled in the opposite direction, in the same way the salutary and good and rational movement of the world at one time, by persuasion, attracts and draws towards itself a:1d renders more gentle that harsh and Typhonian movement, and then again it gathers itself together and reverses it and plunges it into difficulties.
The identification of Isis with Athena here in connection with lodes tones and 'self-impelled motion' brings to mind the placing by Athena of a cybernetic* oak timber from the holy sanctuary of Dodona (supposedly founded by Deukalion, the Greek Noah, after his ark landed) in the keel of the Argo. H. W. Parke in his books Greek Oracles and The Oracles of Zeus refers to this: 'Athena when the Argo was built took a timber from the oak tree of Dodona (the oracular centre of Zeus) and fitted it into the keel. This had the result that the Argo itself could speak and guide or warn the Argonauts at critical moments, as it actually is represented as doing in our extant epics on the subject. The original epic is lost, but there is no reason to doubt that this miraculous feature went back to it, and, if so, was at least as old as the Odyssey in which the Argo and its story are mentioned.' Parke then emphasizes most strongly that it is the timber itself that acts as guide. It is self-sufficient and not merely an oracular medium. Thus we see that the Argo had a unique capacity for 'self­impelled motion' which was built into it by Athena (whom Plutarch identifies with Isis). 35
Now is a suitable stage to return to the Sumerians, as in their culture we shall find many significant references to 'fifty heroes', 'fifty great gods', etc. But first we shall leave the fifty Argonauts and their magical ship to turn our attention to what appears to be a rather precise Egyptian description of the Sirius system preserved in an unusual source. The source is G. R. S. Mead (who was a friend of the poet Yeats and is mentioned by his nickname 'Old Crore' in Ezra Pound's Cantos), whose three-volume Thrice Greatest Hermes36 contains a translation of, with extensive prolegomena and notes to, the obscure and generally ignored ancient 'Trismegistic literature' of the Hermetic tradition. These writings are largely scorned by classical scholars who consider them Neoplatonic forgeries. Of course, ever since the wild Neoplatonic boom in the Italian Renaissance period when Marsilio Ficino translated and thereby preserved for posterity (one must grant the Medicis the credit for finding and purchasing the manuscripts!) such Neoplatonists as Iamblichus, as well as these Trismegistic writings, the Neoplatonists have been in the doghouse. The Loeb Classical Library still has not published all of Plotinus even now.
But most readers will not be familiar either with the term 'trismegistic' or with the Neoplatonists. So I had better explain. The Neoplatonists are Greek philosophers who lived long enough after Plato to have lost the name of Platonists as far as modern scholars are concerned (though they were intellectual disciples of Plato and considered themselves Platonists). Modern scholars have added the prefix 'Neo-' to 'Platonist' for their own convenience, in order to / Page 73 / distinguish them from their earlier predecessors, those Platonists who lived within 150 years of Plato himself. The Platonic Academy existed for over nine centuries at Athens. In actuality, scholars talk about 'Middle Platonists', 'Syrian Platonists', 'Christian Platonists', 'Alexandrian Platonists', and so on. I suggest the reader look at my Appendix I, which will tell him a lot about the Neoplatonists and their connection with the Sirius mystery, and which deals primarily with Proclus.
G. R. S. Mead, at the beginning of his work Thrice Greatest Hermes, explains fully what 'the Trismegistic Literature' is. He calls it 'Trismegistic' instead of
by its earlier designation 'Hermetic' (from the name of the Greek god Hermes) in order to distinguish it from other less interesting writings such as the Egyptian Hermes prayers and also the 'Hermetic Alchemical Literature'. The Trismegistic writings are now fragmentary and consist of a large amount of exceedingly strange sermons, dialogues, excerpts by Stobaeus and the Fathers of the Church from lost writings, etc. I hesitate to give a brief summary of them and suggest that the interested reader actually look into this subject himself. There are some matters which defy summary, and I consider this to be one of them. The writings contain some 'mystical' elements and certainly some sublime elements. Old Cosimo de Medici was told by Ficino that he could translate for him either the Hermetic Literature or the dialogues of Plato, but not both at once. Cosimo knew he was dying. He said something like: 'If only I could read the Books of Hermes, I would die happy. Plato would be nice but not as important. Do the Hermes, Ficino.' And Ficino did.
As I explain fully in Appendix I, the Neoplatonists are so thoroughly despised through the bias of the moment, however one cares to define that bias, that "the Trismegistic literature suffers with Neoplatonism under the onus of being considered too far removed from reality and logic and being inclined towards the mystical. This does not fit well with the hard rationalism of an age still bound by the (albeit decaying) fetters of nineteenth-century scientific deterministic prejudice. The sublime irony is, of course, that proven and authentic Egyptian texts are obviously mystical, but that is considered all right. However, as long as there is a belief that the Trismegistic literature is Neoplatonic it will be despised because it is mystical.
The Trismegistic literature may be Neoplatonic. But that does not make what it has to say about Egyptian religion any less valid per se than the 'Isis and Osiris' by the Greek Plutarch, who was only slightly earlier in time than the Neoplatonist Greeks. It is time for scholars to pay some attention to this sadly neglected material. Much of the Trismegistic literature probably goes back to genuine sources or compilations such as Manetho's lost So this. Or the literature may be quite ancient, in which case some of it cannot, in its present form, be earlier than the Ptolemaic period when the Zodiac as we know it was introduced into Egypt by the Greeks who in turn had it from Babylon. (I cannot here discuss the matter of earlier forms of zodiac, such as at Denderah.)
"Mead quotes an Egyptian magic papyrus, this being an uncontested Egyptian document which he compares to a passage in the Trismegistic literature: 'I invoke thee, Lady Isis, with whom the Good Daimon doth unite, He who is Lord in the perfect black. '37
We know that Isis is identified with Sirius A, and here we may have a / Page 74 / description of her star-companion 'who is Lord in the perfect black', namely the invisible companion with whom she is united, Sirius B.
Mead, of course, had no inkling of the Sirius question. But he cited this magic papyrus in order to shed comparative light on some extraordinary passages in a Trismegistic treatise he translated which has the title 'The Virgin of the World'. In his comments on the magic papyrus Mead says: 'It is natural to make the Agathodaimon ("the Good Daimon") of the Papyrus refer to Osiris; for indeed it is one of his most frequent designations. Moreover, it is precisely Osiris who is pre-eminently connected with the so-called "under­world", the unseen world, the "mysterious dark". He is lord there. . . and indeed one of the ancient mystery-sayings was precisely, "Osiris is a dark God." ,
'The Virgin of the World' is an extraordinary Trismegistic treatise in the form of a dialogue between the hierophant (high priest) as spokesman for Isis and the neophyte who represents Horus. Thus the priest instructing the initiate is portrayed as Isis instructing her son Horus.
The treatise begins by claiming it is 'her holiest discourse' which 'so speaking Isis doth pour forth'. There is, throughout, a strong emphasis on the hierarchical principle of lower and higher beings in the universe - that earthly mortals are presided over at intervals by other, higher, beings who interfere in Earth's affairs when things here become hopeless, etc. Isis says in the treatise: 'It needs must, therefore, be the less should give place to the greater mysteries.' What she is to disclose to Horus is a great mystery. Mead describes it as the mystery practised by the arch-hierophant. It was the degree (here 'degree' is in the sense of 'degree' in the Masonic 'mysteries', which are hopelessly garbled and watered-down versions of genuine mysteries of earlier times) 'called the "Dark Mystery" or "Black Rite". It was a rite performed only for those who were judged worthy of it after long probation in lower degrees, something of a far more sacred character, apparently, than the instruction in the mysteries enacted in the light.'
Mead adds: 'I would suggest, therefore, that we have here a reference to the most esoteric institution of the Isiac tradition. . .', Isiac meaning of course 'Isis-tradition', and not to be confused with the Book of Isaiah in the Bible (so that perhaps it is best for us not to use the word-form 'Isiac').
It is in attempting to explain the mysterious 'Black Rite' of Isis at the highest degree of the Egyptian mysteries that Mead cited the magic papyrus which I have already quoted. He explains the 'Black Rite' as being connected with Osiris being a 'dark god' who is 'Lord of the perfect black' which is 'the unseen world, the mysterious black'.
This treatise 'The Virgin of the World' describes a personage called Hermes who seems to represent a race of beings who taught earthly mankind the arts of civilization after which: 'And thus, with charge unto his kinsmen of the Gods to keep sure watch, he mounted to the Stars'.
According to this treatise mankind have been a troublesome lot requiring scrutiny and, at rare intervals of crisis, intervention.
After Hermes left Earth to return to the stars there was or were in Egypt someone or some people designated as 'Tat' (Thoth) who were initiates into the celestial mysteries I take this to refer to to the Egyptian priests. However, one of the most significant passages in the treatsie follows immediately upon this / Page 75 / statement, and indicates to me that this treatise must have some genuine Egyptian source, for no late Greek should have been capable of incorporating this. But in order to recognize this one must know about the extraordinary Imhotep, a brilliant genius, philosopher, doctor, and Prime Minister (to use our terms) during the Third Dynasty in Egypt circa 2600 B.O. under King Zoser, whose tomb and temple he constructed and designed himself. (This is the famous step-pyramid at Sakkara, the first pyramid ever built and the world's earliest stone building according to some.) Imhotep was over the centuries gradually transformed into a god and 'a son of Ptah'. One reason why the process of his deification may have been retarded for some thousands of years is that writings by him survived, rather like the survival of the Cathas by Zarathustra (Zoroaster), making it impossible to claim that a man who left writings could in fact have been a god. Just like Mohammed and Zoroaster, Imhotep remained a sort of 'prophet' through his surviving writings.
For the significant passage, now, here is the entire paragraph: 'To him (Hermes) succeeded Tat, who was at once his son and heir unto these knowledges [this almost certainly implies a priesthood] ; and not long afterwards Asclepius­Imuth, according to the will of Ptah who is Hephaestus, and all the rest who were to make enquiry of the faithful certitude of heavenly contemplation, as Foreknowledge (or Providence) willed, Foreknowledge queen of all.'
Now this is a really striking passage. We have the mysterious 'Hermes' succeeded by an Egyptian priesthood of Thoth. Then 'not long afterwards' we have someone called Asclepius-Imuth 'according to the will of Ptah'. This is Imhotep! Ptah, known to the Greeks as Hephaestus, was considered the father of Imhotep in late Egyptian times. In fact, it is interesting that this text avoids the late form 'son of Ptah' to describe Imhotep. Imhotep was known to the Greeks and provided the basis for their god Asclepi us (the Greek god of medicine, corresponding to Imhotep's late form as Egyptian god of medicine). Imhotep is also spelled Imouthes, Imothes, Imutep, etc. Hence the form in this treatise 'Asclepius-Imuth' .
There is absolutely no question that Imhotep is being referred to here. And in the light of that, certain other statements in this passage become quite interesting.
It has already been mentioned that in a treatise like 'The Virgin of the World', where gods' names are thrown round like birdseed, the authors were exceedingly restrained to have avoided labelling Asclepius-Imhotep as 'a son of Ptah-Hephaestus'. This may, indeed, point to a genuine early source from the time before that when the Egyptians ceased to regard Imhotep as a mortal.
Hurry says :38
For many years Egyptologists have been puzzled to explain why Imhotep, who lived in the days of King Zoser, ca. 2900 B.O., was not ranked among the full gods of Egypt until the Persian period, dating from 525 B.O. The apotheosis of a man, however distinguished, so many centuries after his life on earth seems mysterious. The explanation appears to be that first
suggested by Erman, viz. that Imhotep, at any rate during a large part of the interval was regarded as a sort of hero or demigod and received semi­divine worship. Erman suggested that this rank of demigod was bestowed / Page 76 / on him at the time of the New Kingdom, i.e. about 1580 B.C., but more recent evidence seems to indicate that this demigod stage was reached at a much earlier period.
Here a bit of chronology helps. 'The Virgin of the World' correctly described Imhotep as 'not long afterwards', following upon the creation of the Egyptian priesthood, presumably in the First Dynasty after Menes, in the form in which it would be known after the unification of Egypt. Imhotep lived in the Third Dynasty, at the beginning of the Old Kingdom. I. E. S. Edwards39 estimates this as commencing about 2686 B.G. He puts the start of the First Dynasty about 3100 B.G. Imhotep is thus literally 'not long afterwards'. Whoever wrote 'The Virgin of the World' knew his Egyptian chronology and also did not call Imhotep 'son of Ptah'.
There is another point. Looking at this statement from 'The Virgin of the World': '. . . and all the rest (i.e. after Imhotep) who were to make enquiry of the faithful certitude of heavenly contemplation. . .', we find that we have a
reference to successors of Imhotep who 'enquired' into the riddles of the universe and also a description of Imhotep's own activities as an 'enquirer'. This also is accurate and reflects considerable knowledge of the subject. For Imhotep is often described as the first genuine philosopher known by name.
And on p. 30 of his book, Hurry refers to apparent successors mentioned in an
Oxyrhyncus papyrus (in Greek, edited by Grenfell and Hunt) which relates that 'Imhotep was worshipped as early as the IVth Dynasty, and his temple was resorted to by sick and afflicted persons'. Hurry further says: 'The other persons are Horus son of Hermes, and Kaleoibis son of Apollo (Imhotep being a son of Pta h) ; it is not known who these were.' Could they have been successors
of Imhotep at 'enquiring'? It seems likely that we shall be learning more of these people as excavations in Egypt proceed. In 1971-2 there came to light at Sakkara a remarkable group of texts written by a man named Hor (from Horus), describing his life at an Egyptian temple in the Ptolemaic period, recounting his dreams and his political encounters. These texts should have been published by 1976 by the Egypt Exploration Society.
Hurry refers to the Trismegistic (Hermetic) literature as follows: 'If the references to Imhotep in Hermetic literature can be trusted, he was also interested in astronomy and astrology, although no special observations are associated with his name. Sethe gives various references to that literature, showing that Imhotep was reputed to have been associated with the god Thoth (Hermes) in astronomical observations.'4o Obviously Imhotep, as chief priest under King Zoser (for he held that office as well), was associated with Thoth
(Tat) in the form of the priesthood previously mentioned who had the 'Dark Rite' as their highest mystery. Here is actual confirmation, then, that it was astronomical matters with which they dealt. In other words, my astronomical interpretation receives some confirmation from this source as well. It is nice when loose ends tie up.
Inscriptions in a temple at Edfu built by Ptolemy In Euergetes I (237 B.G.) describe Imhotep as 'the great priest Imhotep the son of Ptah, who speaks or lectures'. Hurry says 'Imhotep enjoyed the reputation of being "one of the greatest of Egyptian sages" ;41 his fame for wisdom made so deep an impression / Page 77 / on his countrymen that it endured as a national tradition for many centuries.
'As regards his literary activities, he is said to have produced works on medicine and architecture, as well as on more general subjects, and some of his works were extant at the dawn of the Christian era. . . . his eminence as a man of letters led him to be recognized as the "patron of scribes." ,
In other words, he was the first great philosopher. And he obviously 'spoke and lectured' in his lifetime. Perhaps he was the first classical Greek in prototype. We also have something to look forward to - his tomb has yet to be discovered. It is thought to be at Sakkara, and the late Professor Emery more than once thought he had come close to discovering it in his excavations there, which are now being carried on by Professor Smith, who is a man with a strange enough aura about him to convince anyone that he is capable of making a discovery which would be the most important in archaeological history and beside which the minor and later tomb of a boy Pharaoh named Tutankhamen would entirely pale by comparison. But perhaps the most interesting thing about the possible forthcoming discovery of Imhotep's tomb is that it will almost certainly be full of books. Would a man like Imhotep be buried without them?

"Bearing these books in mind (and I am sure they are there waiting under­ground like a time bomb for us), it is interesting to read this passage in 'The Virgin of the World' following shortly upon that previously quoted:
The sacred symbols of the cosmic elements were hid away hard by the secrets of Osiris. Hermes, ere he returned to Heaven, invoked a spell on them, and spake these words: . . . 'O holy books, who have been made by my immortal hands, by incorruption's magic spells. . . (at this point there is a lacuna as the text is hopeless) . . . free from decay throughout eternity remain and incorrupt from time! Become unseeable, unfindable, for every one whose foot shall tread the plains of this land, until old Heaven doth bring forth meet instruments for you, whom the Creator shall call souls.'
Thus spake he; and, laying spells on them by means of his own works, he shut them safe away in their own zones. And long enough the time has been since they were hid away.
In the treatise the highest objective of ignorant men searching for the truth
is described as: '(Men) will seek out. . . the inner nature of the holy spaces which no foot may tread, and will chase after them into the height, desiring to observe the nature of the motion of the Heaven.
'These are as yet moderate things. For nothing more remains than Earth's remotest realms; nay, in their daring they will track out Night, the farthest Night of all.'
We 'will chase out into the height' of space to 'observe the nature of the motions of the Heavens', says this old (indeterminately old) treatise. How correct it was. We have now landed on the moon, which is 'chasing out into the height' with a vengeance. And we are indeed 'observing the nature of the motion of the Heavens'. And the treatise is also right in saying that 'these are yet moderate things'. For, as everyone knows, the people in the space programme feel as if they have only just begun. Man will only pause properly again when he has made the entire solar system his familiar and his own. Then we shall / Page 78 / be faced with the limitations of our solar system and the barrier that separates it from the stars. What then ? Yes, what we have done to date certainly deserves the description of 'yet moderate things'. Vasco da Gama may have congratulated himself on his brilliant navigational accomplishments, but as we can clearly see in his case, a beginning is only a beginning. It is 'yet moderate things'.
According to the treatise, after these moderate things we shall 'in our daring' even learn the greatest secret. . . we shall discover 'Night'. And the meaning of the 'Dark Rite' will become clear. And as this rite and this mystery concern Isis and the star Sirius and by the context of this prophecy clearly concerns the heavens, can we be accused of sensationalism in making the suggestion that nothing would shake up the human race more than having the discovery of intelligent life elsewhere in the universe proven for the first time? And what if the dark companion of Sirius really does hold the answer to this mystery? What if the nearest centre of civilization really is based at the Sirius system and keeps a watchful eye on us from time to time? What if this is proven by our detecting on our radio telescopes actual traces of local radio communica.. tions echoing down those nine light years of space in the vast spreading ripple of disintegrating signals that any culture remotely near to us in development would be bound to dribble forth into the surrounding universe? What if this happens ? I t will be like the sky falling in, won't it?

Page 72 Note

"* Norbert Wiener in Cybernetics, the pioneer textbook of computer theory, said: 'We have decided to call the entire field of control and communication theory, whether in the machine or
in the animal) by the name Cybernetics. . . (from the Greek for) steersman.'

 

 

 

-
7
B
U
S
I
R
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
9
-
9
1
+
=
20
2+0
=
2
=
2
=
2
`-
`-
-
-
19
9
-
9
19
+
=
56
5+6
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
7
B
U
S
I
R
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
3
-
-
9
-
-
+
=
14
1+4
=
5
=
5
=
5
`-
`-
2
21
-
-
18
-
-
+
=
41
4+1
=
5
=
5
=
5
-
7
B
U
S
I
R
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
`-
`-
2
21
19
9
18
9
19
+
=
97
9+7
=
16
1+6
7
=
7
-
-
2
3
1
9
9
9
1
+
=
34
3+4
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
7
B
U
S
I
R
I
S
-T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
4
-`-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-`-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-`-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-`-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-`-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
3
=
27
2+7
9
30
7
B
U
S
I
R
I
S
-
-
15
-
1
7
-
34
-
16
3+0
-
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
1+5
-
-
-
-
3+4
-
1+6
3
7
B
U
S
I
R
I
S
-
-
6
-
1
7
-
7
-
7

 

 

7
B
U
S
I
R
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
9
-
9
1
+
=
20
2+0
=
2
=
2
=
2
`-
-
-
19
9
-
9
19
+
=
56
5+6
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
7
B
U
S
I
R
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
2
3
-
-
9
-
-
+
=
14
1+4
=
5
=
5
=
5
`-
2
21
-
-
18
-
-
+
=
41
4+1
=
5
=
5
=
5
7
B
U
S
I
R
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
`-
2
21
19
9
18
9
19
+
=
97
9+7
=
16
1+6
7
=
7
-
2
3
1
9
9
9
1
+
=
34
3+4
=
7
=
7
=
7
7
B
U
S
I
R
I
S
-T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
3
=
27
2+7
9
7
B
U
S
I
R
I
S
-
-
15
-
1
7
-
34
-
16
-
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
1+5
-
-
-
-
3+4
-
1+6
7
B
U
S
I
R
I
S
-
-
6
-
1
7
-
7
-
7

 

 

-
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
I
S
I
S
-
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
1
9
-
9
1
-
9
1
9
1
-
1
9
-
9
-
1
+
=
66
6+6
=
12
1+2
=
3
-
15
19
9
-
9
19
-
9
19
9
19
-
19
9
-
9
-
19
+
=
183
1+8+3
=
12
1+2
=
3
16
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
I
S
I
S
-
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
19
9
18
9
19
-
9
19
9
19
-
19
9
18
9
21
19
+
=
240
2+4+0
=
6
-
-
6
-
6
1
9
9
9
1
-
9
1
9
1
-
1
9
9
9
3
1
+
=
87
8+7
=
15
1+5
=
6
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
+
=
6
-
-
6
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
+
=
3
-
-
3
-
-
3
-
6
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
6
-
-
6
-
-
6
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
-
-
9
16
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
I
S
I
S
-
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
-
-
9
-
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
I
S
I
S
-
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

 

 

-
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
I
R
I
S
-
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
1
9
-
9
1
-
9
-
9
1
-
1
9
-
9
-
1
+
=
65
6+5
=
11
1+1
=
2
-
15
19
9
-
9
19
-
9
-
9
19
-
19
9
-
9
-
19
+
=
164
1+6+4
=
11
1+1
=
2
16
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
I
R
I
S
-
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
19
9
18
9
19
-
9
18
9
19
-
19
9
18
9
21
19
+
=
239
2+3+9
=
14
1+4
=
5
-
6
1
9
9
9
1
-
9
9
9
1
-
1
9
9
9
3
1
+
=
95
9+5
=
14
1+4
=
5
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
+
=
5
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
+
=
3
-
-
3
-
-
3
-
6
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
6
-
-
6
-
-
6
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
+
=
81
8+1
=
9
-
-
9
16
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
I
R
I
S
-
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
+
=
81
8+1
=
9
-
-
9
-
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
I
R
I
S
-
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

 

 

1
occurs
x
5
=
5
-
-
5
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
-
3
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
-
-
6
9
occurs
x
9
=
81
8+1
=
9
19
-
-
16
-
95
-
-
23
1+9
-
-
1+6
-
9+5
-
-
2+3
10
-
-
7
-
14
-
-
5
1+0
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
1
-
-
7
-
5
-
-
7

 

 

-
6
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
9
-
9
-
1
+
=
20
2+0
=
2
=
2
=
2
-
-
19
9
-
9
-
19
+
=
29
2+9
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
6
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
3
-
+
=
12
1+2
=
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
18
-
21
-
+
=
39
3+9
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
-
6
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
19
9
18
9
21
19
+
=
95
9+5
=
14
1+4
5
=
5
-
-
1
9
9
9
3
1
+
=
32
3+2
=
5
=
5
=
5
-
6
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
3
=
27
2+7
9
32
6
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
13
-
-
6
-
32
-
14
3+2
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
-
3+2
-
1+4
5
6
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
4
-
-
6
-
5
-
5
-
-
1
9
9
9
3
1
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
5
6
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
4
-
-
6
-
5
-
5

 

 

6
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
1
9
-
9
-
1
+
=
20
2+0
=
2
=
2
=
2
-
19
9
-
9
-
19
+
=
29
2+9
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
6
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
3
-
+
=
12
1+2
=
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
18
-
21
-
+
=
39
3+9
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
6
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
19
9
18
9
21
19
+
=
95
9+5
=
14
1+4
5
=
5
-
1
9
9
9
3
1
+
=
32
3+2
=
5
=
5
=
5
6
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
3
=
27
2+7
9
6
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
13
-
-
6
-
32
-
14
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
-
3+2
-
1+4
6
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
4
-
-
6
-
5
-
5
-
1
9
9
9
3
1
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
6
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
4
-
-
6
-
5
-
5

 

 

SIRIUS R U SERIOUS SERIOUS U R SIRIUS

O

U

R

SERIOUS

 

 

-
6
S
I
R
I
U
N
n
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
9
-
9
-
5
+
=
33
3+3
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
-
19
9
-
9
-
14
+
=
51
5+1
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
6
S
I
R
I
U
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
3
-
+
=
12
1+2
=
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
18
-
21
-
+
=
39
3+9
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
-
6
S
I
R
I
U
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
19
9
18
9
21
14
+
=
90
9+0
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
1
9
9
9
3
5
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
6
S
I
R
I
U
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
=
5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
3
=
27
2+7
9
27
6
S
I
R
I
U
N
-
-
18
-
-
6
-
36
-
18
2+7
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
-
-
3+6
-
1+8
9
6
S
I
R
I
U
N
-
-
9
-
-
6
-
9
-
9
-
-
1
9
9
9
3
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
6
S
I
R
I
U
N
-
-
9
-
-
6
-
9
-
9

 

 

6
S
I
R
I
U
N
n
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
1
9
-
9
-
5
+
=
33
3+3
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
19
9
-
9
-
14
+
=
51
5+1
=
6
=
6
=
6
6
S
I
R
I
U
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
3
-
+
=
12
1+2
=
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
18
-
21
-
+
=
39
3+9
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
6
S
I
R
I
U
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
19
9
18
9
21
14
+
=
90
9+0
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
1
9
9
9
3
5
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
6
S
I
R
I
U
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
=
5
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
3
=
27
2+7
9
6
S
I
R
I
U
N
-
-
18
-
-
6
-
36
-
18
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
-
-
3+6
-
1+8
6
S
I
R
I
U
N
-
-
9
-
-
6
-
9
-
9
-
1
9
9
9
3
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
S
I
R
I
U
N
-
-
9
-
-
6
-
9
-
9

 

 

20
OSIRIS IRIS ISIS SIRIUS
-
-
-
-
O+S
34
16
7
-
I
9
9
9
-
R
18
9
9
-
I
9
9
9
-
S
19
10
1
-
I
9
9
9
-
R
18
9
9
-
I
9
9
9
-
S
19
10
1
-
I
9
9
9
-
S
19
10
1
-
I
9
9
9
-
S
19
10
1
-
S
19
10
1
-
I
9
9
9
-
R
18
9
9
-
I
9
9
9
-
U+S
40
13
4
20
OSIRIS IRIS ISIS SIRIUS
-
-
-

 

 

20
ISIS IRIS OSIRIS SIRIUS
-
-
-
4
ISIS
56
38
2
4
IRIS
55
37
1
6
OSIRIS
89
44
8
6
SIRIUS
95
50
5
20
ISIS IRIS OSIRIS SIRIUS
295
169
16
2+0
-
2+9+5
1+6+9
1+6
20
ISIS IRIS OSIRIS SIRIUS
16
16
7
-
-
1+6
1+6
-
20
ISIS IRIS OSIRIS SIRIUS
7
7
7

 

 

-
ISIS OSIRIS
-
-
-
4
ISIS
56
38
2
6
OSIRIS
89
44
8
10
ISIS OSIRIS
145
82
10
1+0
-
1+4+5
8+2
1+0
1
ISIS OSIRIS
10
10
1
-
-
1+0
1+0
-
1
ISIS OSIRIS
1
1
1

 

 

-
IRIS OSIRIS
-
-
-
4
IRIS
55
37
1
6
OSIRIS
89
44
8
10
IRIS OSIRIS
144
81
9
1+0
-
1+4+4
8+1
-
1
IRIS OSIRIS
9
9
9

 

 

4
ISIS
9
1
9
1
-
-
4
IRIS
9
9
9
1
-
-
6
OSIRIS
6
1
9
9
9
1
6
SIRIUS
1
9
9
9
3
1

 

 

-
ISIS OSIRIS
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
ISIS
9
1
9
1
-
-
6
OSIRIS
6
1
9
9
9
1
10
ISIS OSIRIS
15
2
18
10
9
1
1+0
-
1+5
-
1+8
1+0
-
-
1
ISIS OSIRIS
6
2
9
1
9
1

 

 

-
IRIS OSIRIS
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
IRIS
9
9
9
1
-
-
6
OSIRIS
6
1
9
9
9
1
10
IRIS OSIRIS
15
10
18
10
9
1
1+0
-
1+5
1+0
1+8
1+0
-
-
1
IRIS OSIRIS
6
1
9
1
9
1

 

 

10
I
R
I
S
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
9
9
9
1
6
1
9
9
9
1
10
I
R
I
S
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
10
I
R
I
S
O
S
I
R
I
S

 

 

10
I
S
I
S
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
9
9
9
1
6
1
9
9
9
1
10
I
S
I
S
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
10
I
S
I
S
O
S
I
R
I
S

 

 

10
I
S
I
S
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
9
1
6
1
9
9
9
1
+
=
55
5+5
=
10
1+0
=
1
10
I
S
I
S
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
1
+
=
4
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
6
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
-
-
-
10
I
S
I
S
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
-
55
-
-
19
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5+5
-
-
1+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
-
-
10
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
10
I
S
I
S
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
-

 

 

8
I
S
I
S
I
R
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
1
9
1
9
9
9
1
+
=
48
4+8
=
12
1+2
=
3
8
I
S
I
S
I
R
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
1
+
=
3
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
-
9
9
9
-
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
-
-
-
8
I
S
I
S
I
R
I
S
-
-
48
-
-
12
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+8
-
-
1+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
I
S
I
S
I
R
I
S
-
-
3
-
-
3
-
-
-

 

 

20
O
S
I
R
I
S
I
S
I
S
I
R
I
S
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
1
9
9
9
1
9
1
9
1
9
9
9
1
1
9
9
9
3
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
O
S
I
R
I
S
I
S
I
S
I
R
I
S
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
1
+
=
7
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
+
=
3
-
-
3
-
6
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
6
-
-
6
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
9
9
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
+
=
99
9+9
=
18
20
O
S
I
R
I
S
I
S
I
S
I
R
I
S
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
9
9
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
O
S
I
R
I
S
I
S
I
S
I
R
I
S
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
1
+
=
7
-
-
7
20
O
S
I
R
I
S
I
S
I
S
I
R
I
S
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-

 

 

16
O
S
I
R
I
S
I
S
I
S
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
6
1
9
9
9
1
9
1
9
1
1
9
9
9
3
1
+
=
87
8+7
=
15
1+5
=
6
-
O
S
I
R
I
S
I
S
I
S
S
I
R
I
U
S
+
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
1
1
-
-
-
3
-
+
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
6
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
9
-
9
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
-
-
9
16
O
S
I
R
I
S
I
S
I
S
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
9
-
9
1
9
1
9
1
1
9
-
9
-
1
+
=
60
6+0
=
6
-
-
6
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
1
+
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
+
=
54
5+4
=
9
-
-
9
16
O
S
I
R
I
S
I
S
I
S
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

 

 

12
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
+
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
9
-
9
1
-
1
9
-
9
-
1
+
=
40
4+0
=
4
-
-
-
12
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
1
9
9
9
1
-
1
9
9
9
3
1
+
=
67
6+7
=
13
1+3
=
4
12
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
+
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
+
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
6
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
+
=
54
5+4
=
-
-
-
9
12
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

 

 

1
occurs
x
4
=
4
-
-
4
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
-
3
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
-
-
6
9
occurs
x
6
=
54
5+4
=
9
19
-
-`
12
-
67
-
 -
22
1+9
-
-
1+2
-
6+7
-
-
2+2
10
-
-
3
-
13
-
-
4
1+0
-
-
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
1
-
-
7
-
4
-
-
4

 

 

16
O
S
I
R
I
S
I
R
I
S
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
1
9
9
9
1
9
1
9
1
1
9
9
9
3
1
9
9
3
1
-
-
-
-
-
16
O
S
I
R
I
S
I
R
I
S
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
1
9
9
9
1
9
9
9
1
1
9
9
9
3
1
+
=
95
9+5
=
14
1+4
=
5
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
1
+
=
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
+
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
6
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
9
9
9
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
+
=
81
8+1
=
-
-
-
9
-
O
S
I
R
I
S
I
R
I
S
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
9
9
9
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
O
S
I
R
I
S
I
R
I
S
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
9
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
+
=
54
5+4
=
-
-
-
9
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
1
+
=
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
O
S
I
R
I
S
I
R
I
S
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
59
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
O
S
I
R
I
S
I
R
I
S
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
14
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
O
S
I
R
I
S
I
R
I
S
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-

 

 

1
occurs
x
5
=
5
-
-
5
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
-
3
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
-
-
6
9
occurs
x
9
=
81
8+1
=
9
19
-
-`
16
-
95
-
-
23
1+9
-
-
1+6
-
9+5
-
-
2+3
10
-
-
7
-
14
-
-
5
1+0
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
1
-
-
7
-
5
-
-
5

 

 

12
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
S
O
T
H
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
19
9
18
9
21
19
-
19
15
20
8
9
19
+
=
185
1+8+5
=
14
1+4
=
5
12
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
S
O
T
H
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
9
9
9
3
1
-
1
6
2
8
9
1
+
=
59
5+9
=
14
1+4
=
5
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
+
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
+
=
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
3
-
--
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
+
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
+
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
+
=
36
3+6
=
-
-
-
9
12
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
S
O
T
H
I
S
+
=
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
+
=
27
2+7
=
-
-
-
9
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
+
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
S
O
T
H
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

 

 

R
=
9
-
6
RE ATUM
78
24
6
1
S
=
1
-
3
SHU
48
12
3
2
T
=
2
-
6
TEFNUT
86
23
5
3
G
=
7
-
3
GEB
14
14
5
4
N
=
5
-
3
NUT
55
10
1
5
O
=
6
-
6
OSIRIS
89
35
8
6
I
=
9
-
4
ISIS
56
20
2
7
S
=
1
-
3
SET
44
8
8
8
N
=
5
-
8
NEPHTHYS
115
43
7
9
-
-
45
-
42
First Total
585
189
45
45
-
-
4+5
-
4+2
Add to Reduce
5+8+5
1+8+9
4+5
4+5
-
-
9
-
6
Second Total
18
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
1+8
-
-
-
-
9
-
6
Essence of Number
9
9
9
9

 

 

3
THE
33
15
6
5
ENNEA
39
21
3

 

 

 

-
8
T
H
E
-
E
N
N
E
A
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
+
=
18
1+8
=
9
-
9
=
9
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
14
14
-
-
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
-
9
=
9
-
8
T
H
E
-
E
N
N
E
A
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
`-
2
-
5
-
5
-
-
5
1
+
=
18
1+8
=
9
-
9
=
9
-
-
20
-
5
-
5
-
-
5
1
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
-
9
=
9
-
8
T
H
E
-
E
N
N
E
A
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
`-
20
8
5
-
5
14
14
5
1
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
-
9
=
9
-
-
2
8
5
-
5
5
5
5
1
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
-
9
=
9
-
8
T
H
E
-
E
N
N
E
A
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
5
5
5
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
5
=
25
2+5
7
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
29
8
T
H
E
-
E
N
N
E
A
-
-
16
-
-
8
-
36
-
18
2+9
-
-
-
5
-
5
5
5
5
-
-
-
1+6
-
-
-
-
3+6
-
1+8
11
8
T
H
E
-
E
N
N
E
A
-
-
7
-
-
8
-
9
-
9
1+1
-
2
8
5
-
5
5
5
5
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
8
T
H
E
-
E
N
N
E
A
-
-
7
-
-
8
-
9
-
9

 

 

8
T
H
E
-
E
N
N
E
A
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
+
=
18
1+8
=
9
-
9
=
9
-
-
8
-
-
-
14
14
-
-
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
-
9
=
9
8
T
H
E
-
E
N
N
E
A
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
`-
2
-
5
-
5
-
-
5
1
+
=
18
1+8
=
9
-
9
=
9
-
20
-
5
-
5
-
-
5
1
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
-
9
=
9
8
T
H
E
-
E
N
N
E
A
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
`-
20
8
5
-
5
14
14
5
1
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
-
9
=
9
-
2
8
5
-
5
5
5
5
1
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
-
9
=
9
8
T
H
E
-
E
N
N
E
A
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
-
-
-
5
-
5
5
5
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
5
=
25
2+5
7
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
8
T
H
E
-
E
N
N
E
A
-
-
16
-
-
8
-
36
-
18
-
-
-
5
-
5
5
5
5
-
-
-
1+6
-
-
-
-
3+6
-
1+8
8
T
H
E
-
E
N
N
E
A
-
-
7
-
-
8
-
9
-
9
-
2
8
5
-
5
5
5
5
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
T
H
E
-
E
N
N
E
A
-
-
7
-
-
8
-
9
-
9

 

 

 

-
9
T
H
E
-
E
N
N
E
A
D
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
+
=
18
1+8
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
14
14
-
-
-
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
9
T
H
E
-
E
N
N
E
A
D
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
`-
2
-
5
-
5
-
-
5
1
4
+
=
22
2+2
=
4
=
4
=
4
-
-
20
-
5
-
5
-
-
5
1
4
+
=
40
4+0
=
4
=
4
=
4
-
9
T
H
E
-
E
N
N
E
A
D
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
`-
20
8
5
-
5
14
14
5
1
4
+
=
76
7+6
=
13
1+3
4
=
4
-
-
2
8
5
-
5
5
5
5
1
4
+
=
40
4+0
=
4
=
4
=
4
-
9
T
H
E
-
E
N
N
E
A
D
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
-
5
-
5
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
5
=
25
2+5
7
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
25
9
T
H
E
-
E
N
N
E
A
D
-
-
20
-
-
9
-
40
-
22
2+5
-
2
8
5
-
5
5
5
5
1
4
-
-
2+0
-
-
-
-
4+0
-
2+2
7
9
T
H
E
-
E
N
N
E
A
D
-
-
2
-
-
9
-
4
-
4

 

 

9
T
H
E
-
E
N
N
E
A
D
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
+
=
18
1+8
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
8
-
-
-
14
14
-
-
-
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
9
T
H
E
-
E
N
N
E
A
D
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
`-
2
-
5
-
5
-
-
5
1
4
+
=
22
2+2
=
4
=
4
=
4
-
20
-
5
-
5
-
-
5
1
4
+
=
40
4+0
=
4
=
4
=
4
9
T
H
E
-
E
N
N
E
A
D
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
`-
20
8
5
-
5
14
14
5
1
4
+
=
76
7+6
=
13
1+3
4
=
4
-
2
8
5
-
5
5
5
5
1
4
+
=
40
4+0
=
4
=
4
=
4
9
T
H
E
-
E
N
N
E
A
D
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
5
-
5
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
5
=
25
2+5
7
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
9
T
H
E
-
E
N
N
E
A
D
-
-
20
-
-
9
-
40
-
22
-
2
8
5
-
5
5
5
5
1
4
-
-
2+0
-
-
-
-
4+0
-
2+2
9
T
H
E
-
E
N
N
E
A
D
-
-
2
-
-
9
-
4
-
4

 

 

9
9
T
H
E
-
F
A
M
I
L
Y
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
+
=
17
1+7
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
+
=
17
1+7
=
8
=
8
9
9
T
H
E
-
F
A
M
I
L
Y
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
2
-
5
-
6
1
4
9
3
7
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
-
-
20
-
5
-
6
1
13
9
12
25
+
=
82
8+2
=
10
1+0
1
9
9
T
H
E
-
F
A
M
I
L
Y
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
20
8
5
-
6
1
13
9
12
25
+
=
99
9+9
=
18
1+8
9
-
-
2
8
5
-
6
1
4
9
3
7
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
-
9
9
9
T
H
E
-
F
A
M
I
L
Y
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
2
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
8
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
45
9
T
H
E
-
F
A
M
I
L
Y
-
-
45
-
-
9
-
45
4+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
-
-
-
4+5
9
9
T
H
E
-
F
A
M
I
L
Y
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
2
8
5
-
6
1
4
9
3
7
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
9
9
T
H
E
-
F
A
M
I
L
Y
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
9

 

 

-
6
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
1
9
-
9
1
+
=
26
2+6
=
8
=
8
=
8
`-
`-
15
19
9
-
9
19
+
=
71
7+1
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
6
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
+
=
9
-
=
9
=
9
=
9
`-
`-
-
-
-
18
-
-
+
=
18
1+8
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
6
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
`-
`-
15
19
9
18
9
19
+
=
89
8+9
=
17
1+7
8
=
8
-
-
6
1
9
9
9
1
+
=
35
3+5
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
6
O
S
I
R
I
S
-T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
2
-`-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-`-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-`-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-`-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
7
-`-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-`-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
3
=
27
2+7
9
29
6
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
-
16
-
1
6
-
35
-
17
2+9
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
1+6
-
-
-
-
3+5
-
1+7
11
6
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
-
7
-
1
6
-
8
-
8
1+1
-
6
1
9
9
9
1
-T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
6
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
-
7
-
1
6
-
8
-
8

 

 

6
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
6
1
9
-
9
1
+
=
26
2+6
=
8
=
8
=
8
`-
15
19
9
-
9
19
+
=
71
7+1
=
8
=
8
=
8
6
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
+
=
9
-
=
9
=
9
=
9
`-
-
-
-
18
-
-
+
=
18
1+8
=
9
=
9
=
9
6
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
`-
15
19
9
18
9
19
+
=
89
8+9
=
17
1+7
8
=
8
-
6
1
9
9
9
1
+
=
35
3+5
=
8
=
8
=
8
6
O
S
I
R
I
S
-T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
3
=
27
2+7
9
6
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
-
16
-
1
6
-
35
-
17
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
1+6
-
-
-
-
3+5
-
1+7
6
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
-
7
-
1
6
-
8
-
8
-
6
1
9
9
9
1
-T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
-
7
-
1
6
-
8
-
8

 

 

-
4
I
S
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
`-
`-
9
19
9
19
+
=
56
5+6
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
-
9
1
9
1
+
=
20
2+0
=
2
=
2
=
2
-
4
I
S
I
S
-T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
2
-`-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-`-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-`-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-`-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-`-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-`-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-`-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
35
4
I
S
I
S
-
-
10
-
1
4
-
20
-
11
3+5
-
9
-
9
-
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
2+0
-
1+1
8
4
I
S
I
S
-
-
1
-
1
4
-
2
-
2
-
-
9
1
9
1
-T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
4
I
S
I
S
-
-
1
-
1
4
-
2
-
2

 

 

4
I
S
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
`-
9
19
9
19
+
=
56
5+6
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
9
1
9
1
+
=
20
2+0
=
2
=
2
=
2
4
I
S
I
S
-T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
-
9
-
9
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
4
I
S
I
S
-
-
10
-
1
4
-
20
-
11
-
9
-
9
-
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
2+0
-
1+1
4
I
S
I
S
-
-
1
-
1
4
-
2
-
2
-
9
1
9
1
-T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
I
S
I
S
-
-
1
-
1
4
-
2
-
2

 

 

-
3
S
E
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
+
=
1
-
=
1
-
1
`-
`-
19
-
-
+
=
19
1+9
=
10
1+0
1
-
3
S
E
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
5
2
+
=
7
-
=
7
1+0
7
`-
`-
-
5
20
+
=
25
2+5
=
7
-
7
-
3
S
E
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
`-
`-
19
5
20
+
=
44
4+4
=
8
=
8
-
-
1
5
2
+
=
8
-
=
8
1+0
8
-
3
S
E
T
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
`-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
37
3
S
E
T
-
-
8
-
-
3
-
8
3+7
-
1
5
2
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
3
S
E
T
-
-
8
-
-
3
-
8
1+0
-
1
5
2
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
3
S
E
T
-
-
8
-
-
3
-
8

 

THE SUN IS SET SET IS THE SON

 
S
E
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
1
-
-
+
=
1
-
=
1
-
1
`-
19
-
-
+
=
19
1+9
=
10
1+0
1
3
S
E
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
5
2
+
=
7
-
=
7
1+0
7
`-
-
5
20
+
=
25
2+5
=
7
-
7
3
S
E
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
`-
19
5
20
+
=
44
4+4
=
8
=
8
-
1
5
2
+
=
8
-
=
8
1+0
8
3
S
E
T
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
-
-
-
2
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
3
S
E
T
-
-
8
-
-
3
-
8
-
-
-
-
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
S
E
T
-
-
8
-
-
3
-
8
-
1
5
2
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
S
E
T
-
-
8
-
-
3
-
8

 

 

-
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
I
S
I
S
-
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
1
9
-
9
1
-
9
1
9
1
-
1
9
-
9
-
1
+
=
66
6+6
=
12
1+2
=
3
-
15
19
9
-
9
19
-
9
19
9
19
-
19
9
-
9
-
19
+
=
183
1+8+3
=
12
1+2
=
3
16
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
I
S
I
S
-
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
19
9
18
9
19
-
9
19
9
19
-
19
9
18
9
21
19
+
=
240
2+4+0
=
6
-
-
6
-
6
1
9
9
9
1
-
9
1
9
1
-
1
9
9
9
3
1
+
=
87
8+7
=
15
1+5
=
6
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
+
=
6
-
-
6
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
+
=
3
-
-
3
-
-
3
-
6
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
6
-
-
6
-
-
6
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
-
-
9
16
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
I
S
I
S
-
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
-
-
9
-
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
I
S
I
S
-
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

 

 

-
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
I
R
I
S
-
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
1
9
-
9
1
-
9
-
9
1
-
1
9
-
9
-
1
+
=
65
6+5
=
11
1+1
=
2
-
15
19
9
-
9
19
-
9
-
9
19
-
19
9
-
9
-
19
+
=
164
1+6+4
=
11
1+1
=
2
16
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
I
R
I
S
-
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
19
9
18
9
19
-
9
18
9
19
-
19
9
18
9
21
19
+
=
239
2+3+9
=
14
1+4
=
5
-
6
1
9
9
9
1
-
9
9
9
1
-
1
9
9
9
3
1
+
=
95
9+5
=
14
1+4
=
5
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
+
=
5
-
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
+
=
3
-
-
3
-
-
3
-
6
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
6
-
-
6
-
-
6
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
+
=
81
8+1
=
9
-
-
9
16
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
I
R
I
S
-
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
+
=
81
8+1
=
9
-
-
9
-
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
I
R
I
S
-
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

 

 

1
occurs
x
5
=
5
-
-
5
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
-
3
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
-
-
6
9
occurs
x
9
=
81
8+1
=
9
19
-
-
16
-
95
-
-
23
1+9
-
-
1+6
-
9+5
-
-
2+3
10
-
-
7
-
14
-
-
5
1+0
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
-
1
-
-
7
-
5
-
-
5

 

 

O
S
I
R
I
S
-
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
I
R
I
S
-
I
S
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
1
9
-
9
1
-
1
9
-
9
-
1
-
9
-
9
1
-
9
1
9
1
+
=
85
8+5
13
1+3
=
4
15
19
9
-
9
19
-
19
9
-
9
-
19
-
9
-
9
19
-
9
19
9
19
+
=
220
2+2+0
4
-
=
4
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
I
R
I
S
-
I
S
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
18
-
-
-
-
-
18
-
21
-
-
-
18
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
75
7+5
12
1+2
=
3
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
3
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
30
3+0
3
-
=
3
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
I
R
I
S
-
I
S
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
19
9
18
9
19
-
19
9
18
9
21
19
-
9
18
9
19
-
9
19
9
19
+
=
295
2+9+5
16
1+6
=
7
6
1
9
9
9
1
-
1
9
9
9
3
1
-
9
9
9
1
-
9
1
9
1
+
=
115
1+1+5
7
-
=
7
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
I
R
I
S
-
I
S
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
R
I
-
-
-
I
R
I
-
-
-
I
R
I
-
-
I
-
I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
9
-
9
-
+
=
99
9+9
18
1+8
=
9
-
-
I
R
I
-
-
-
I
R
I
-
-
-
I
R
I
-
-
I
-
I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
O
S
I
R
I
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-
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
I
R
I
S
-
I
S
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

 

 

I

ME

I SAY ISIS SAY I

I SAY OSIRIS SAY I

I SAY CHRIST SAY I

I SAY KRISHNA SAY I

I SAY RISHI ISHI ISHI RISHI SAY I

I SAY VISHNU SHIVA SHIVA VISHNU SAY I

ARISES THAT SUN SETS THAT SUN SETS THAT SUN ARISES THAT SUN

OSIRIS THAT SON SETS THAT SON SETS THAT SON OSIRIS THAT SON

 

 

-
10
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
S
T
A
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
9
-
9
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
19
9
-
9
-
19
-
19
-
-
-
+
=
75
4+8
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
-
10
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
S
T
A
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
3
-
-
-
2
1
9
+
=
24
2+4
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
18
-
21
-
-
-
20
1
18
+
=
78
7+8
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
-
10
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
S
T
A
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
19
9
18
9
21
19
-
19
20
1
18
=
=
153
1+5+3
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
1
9
9
9
3
1
-
1
2
1
9
=
=
45
3+2
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
10
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
S
T
A
R
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
4
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
occurs
x
4
=
36
3+6
9
30
10
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
S
T
A
R
-
-
15
-
-
10
-
45
-
18
3+0
1+0
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
1+5
-
-
1+0
-
4+5
-
1+8
3
1
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
S
T
A
R
-
-
6
-
-
1
-
9
-
9
-
-
1
9
9
9
3
1
-
1
2
1
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
1
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
S
T
A
R
-
-
6
-
-
1
-
9
-
9

 

 

10
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
S
T
A
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
1
9
-
9
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
=
3
=
3
-
19
9
-
9
-
19
-
19
-
-
-
+
=
75
4+8
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
10
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
S
T
A
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
3
-
-
-
2
1
9
+
=
24
2+4
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
18
-
21
-
-
-
20
1
18
+
=
78
7+8
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
10
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
S
T
A
R
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
19
9
18
9
21
19
-
19
20
1
18
=
=
153
1+5+3
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
1
9
9
9
3
1
-
1
2
1
9
=
=
45
3+2
=
9
=
9
=
9
10
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
S
T
A
R
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
4
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
occurs
x
4
=
36
3+6
9
10
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
S
T
A
R
-
-
15
-
-
10
-
45
-
18
1+0
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
1+5
-
-
1+0
-
4+5
-
1+8
1
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
S
T
A
R
-
-
6
-
-
1
-
9
-
9
-
1
9
9
9
3
1
-
1
2
1
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
S
I
R
I
U
S
-
S
T
A
R
-
-
6
-
-
1
-
9
-
9

 

 

 

 

 

 


Sirius - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirius
Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky. With a visual apparent magnitude of -1.46, it is almost twice as bright as Canopus, the next brightest star. The name ...

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Sirius
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Sirius B" redirects here. For other uses of Sirius B, see Sirius B (disambiguation). For other uses of Sirius, see Sirius (disambiguation).
Sirius A / B
The position of Sirius (circled).

Observation data
Epoch J2000.0 Equinox J2000.0 (ICRS)
Constellation
Canis Major

Pronunciation

/'s?ri?s/[1]

Right ascension

06h 45m 08.9173s[2][note 1]

Declination
-16° 42' 58.017?[2][note 1]
Apparent magnitude (V)
-1.47 (A)[2] / 8.30 (B)[3]
Characteristics
Spectral type
A1V (A)[2] / DA2 (B)[3]
U-B color index

-0.05 (A)[4] / -1.04 (B)[3]

B-V color index

0.01 (A)[2] / -0.03 (B)[3]
Astrometry

Radial velocity (Rv)

-7.6[2] km/s
Proper motion (µ)

RA: -546.05[2][note 1] mas/yr
Dec.: -1223.14[2][note 1] mas/yr

Parallax (p)

379.21 ± 1.58[2][5] mas
Distance

8.60 ± 0.04 ly
(2.64 ± 0.01 pc)

Absolute magnitude (MV)

1.42 (A)[note 2] / 11.18 (B)[3]

Orbit[6]

Companion

a CMa B
Period (P)

50.090 ± 0.055 yr

Semimajor axis (a)

7.50 ± 0.04"
Eccentricity (e)
0.5923 ± 0.0019
Inclination (i)
136.53 ± 0.43°
Longitude of the node (O)
44.57 ± 0.44°
Periastron epoch (T)
1894.130 ± 0.015
Argument of periastron (?)
(secondary)

147.27 ± 0.54°
Details
a CMa A

Mass
2.02[7] M?

Radius

1.711[7] R?

Luminosity
25.4[7] L?
Surface gravity (log g)
4.33[8]

Temperature
9,940[8] K

Metallicity [Fe/H]
0.50[9] dex
Rotation
16 km/s[10]

Age

2–3 × 108[7] years
a CMa B
Mass
0.978[7] M?
Radius
0.0084 ± 3%[11] R?

Luminosity
0.026[note 3] L?

Surface gravity (log g)
8.57[11]

Temperature
25,200[7] K
Other designations

System: Dog Star, Aschere, Canicula, Al Shira, Sothis,[12] Alhabor,[13] Mrgavyadha, Lubdhaka,[14] Tenrosei,[15] a Canis Majoris (a CMa), 9 Canis Majoris (9 CMa), HD 48915, HR 2491, BD -16°1591, GCTP 1577.00 A/B, GJ 244 A/B, LHS 219, ADS 5423, LTT 2638, HIP 32349.
B: EGGR 49, WD 0642-166.[2][16][17]

Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky. With a visual apparent magnitude of -1.46, it is almost twice as bright as Canopus, the next brightest star. The name "Sirius" is derived from the Ancient Greek: Se????? Seirios ("glowing" or "scorcher"). The star has the Bayer designation Alpha Canis Majoris (a CMa). What the naked eye perceives as a single star is actually a binary star system, consisting of a white main sequence star of spectral type A1V, termed Sirius A, and a faint white dwarf companion of spectral type DA2, called Sirius B. The distance separating Sirius A from its companion varies between 8.1 and 31.5 AU.[18]

Sirius appears bright because of both its intrinsic luminosity and its proximity to Earth. At a distance of 2.6 parsecs (8.6 ly), as determined by the Hipparcos astrometry satellite,[5][19][20] the Sirius system is one of Earth's near neighbors; for Northern-hemisphere observers between 30 degrees and 73 degrees of latitude (including almost all of Europe and North America), it is the closest star (after the Sun) that can be seen with a naked eye. Sirius is gradually moving closer to the Solar System, so it will slightly increase in brightness over the next 60,000 years. After that time its distance will begin to recede, but it will continue to be the brightest star in the Earth's sky for the next 210,000 years.[21]

Sirius A is about twice as massive as the Sun and has an absolute visual magnitude of 1.42. It is 25 times more luminous than the Sun[7] but has a significantly lower luminosity than other bright stars such as Canopus or Rigel. The system is between 200 and 300 million years old.[7] It was originally composed of two bright bluish stars. The more massive of these, Sirius B, consumed its resources and became a red giant before shedding its outer layers and collapsing into its current state as a white dwarf around 120 million years ago.[7]

Sirius is also known colloquially as the "Dog Star", reflecting its prominence in its constellation, Canis Major (Greater Dog).[12] The heliacal rising of Sirius marked the flooding of the Nile in Ancient Egypt and the "dog days" of summer for the ancient Greeks, while to the Polynesians it marked winter and was an important star for navigation around the Pacific Ocean.

Contents
[hide] 1 Observational history 1.1 Kinematics
1.2 Discovery of a companion
1.3 Red controversy

2 Visibility
3 System 3.1 Sirius A
3.2 Sirius B
3.3 Sirius star cluster

4 Etymology and cultural significance 4.1 Dogon
4.2 Serer religion
4.3 Modern legacy

5 See also
6 Notes
7 References 7.1 Cited texts

8 External links

[edit] Observational history

Hieroglyph of
Sirius/Sopdet

Sirius, known in ancient Egypt as Sopdet (Greek: S???? = Sothis), is recorded in the earliest astronomical records. During the era of the Middle Kingdom, Egyptians based their calendar on the heliacal rising of Sirius, namely the day it becomes visible just before sunrise after moving far enough away from the glare of the Sun. This occurred just before the annual flooding of the Nile and the summer solstice,[22] after a 70-day absence from the skies.[23] The hieroglyph for Sothis features a star and a triangle. Sothis was identified with the great goddess Isis, who formed a part of a triad with her husband Osiris and their son Horus, while the 70-day period symbolised the passing of Isis and Osiris through the duat (Egyptian underworld).[23]

The ancient Greeks observed that the appearance of Sirius heralded the hot and dry summer, and feared that it caused plants to wilt, men to weaken, and women to become aroused.[24] Due to its brightness, Sirius would have been noted to twinkle more in the unsettled weather conditions of early summer. To Greek observers, this signified certain emanations which caused its malignant influence. Anyone suffering its effects was said to be astroboletos (?st??ß???t??) or "star-struck". It was described as "burning" or "flaming" in literature.[25] The season following the star's appearance came to be known as the Dog Days of summer.[26] The inhabitants of the island of Ceos in the Aegean Sea would offer sacrifices to Sirius and Zeus to bring cooling breezes, and would await the reappearance of the star in summer. If it rose clear, it would portend good fortune; if it was misty or faint then it foretold (or emanated) pestilence. Coins retrieved from the island from the 3rd century BC feature dogs or stars with emanating rays, highlighting Sirius' importance.[25] The Romans celebrated the heliacal setting of Sirius around April 25, sacrificing a dog, along with incense, wine, and a sheep, to the goddess Robigo so that the star's emanations would not cause wheat rust on wheat crops that year.[27]

Ptolemy of Alexandria mapped the stars in Books VII and VIII of his Almagest, in which he used Sirius as the location for the globe's central meridian. He curiously depicted it as one of six red-coloured stars (see the Red controversy section below). The other five are class M and K stars, such as Arcturus and Betelgeuse.[28]

Bright stars were important to the ancient Polynesians for navigation between the many islands and atolls of the Pacific Ocean. Low on the horizon, they acted as stellar compasses to assist mariners in charting courses to particular destinations. They also served as latitude markers; the declination of Sirius matches the latitude of the archipelago of Fiji at 17°S and thus passes directly over the islands each night.[29] Sirius served as the body of a "Great Bird" constellation called Manu, with Canopus as the southern wingtip and Procyon the northern wingtip, which divided the Polynesian night sky into two hemispheres.[30] Just as the appearance of Sirius in the morning sky marked summer in Greece, so it marked the chilly onset of winter for the Maori, whose name Takurua described both the star and the season. Its culmination at the winter solstice was marked by celebration in Hawaii, where it was known as Ka'ulua, "Queen of Heaven". Many other Polynesian names have been recorded, including Tau-ua in the Marquesas Islands, Rehua in New Zealand, Aa and Hoku-Kauopae in Hawaii,[31] and Ta'urua-fau-papa "Festivity of original high chiefs" and Ta'urua-e-hiti-i-te-tara-te-feiai "Festivity who rises with prayers and religious ceremonies" in Tahiti.[32].

The indigenous Boorong people of northwestern Victoria named Sirius as Warepil.[33]

[edit] Kinematics

In 1718, Edmond Halley discovered the proper motion of the hitherto presumed "fixed" stars[34] after comparing contemporary astrometric measurements with those given in Ptolemy's Almagest. The bright stars Aldebaran, Arcturus and Sirius were noted to have moved significantly, the last of which having progressed 30 arc minutes (about the diameter of the moon) southwards in 1,800 years.[35]

In 1868, Sirius became the first star to have its velocity measured. Sir William Huggins examined the spectrum of this star and observed a noticeable red shift. He concluded that Sirius was receding from the Solar System at about 40 km/s.[36][37] Compared to the modern value of -7.6 km/s,[2] this both was an overestimate and had the wrong sign; the minus means it is approaching the Sun. However, it is notable for introducing the study of celestial radial velocities.

[edit] Discovery of a companion

A simulated image of Sirius A and B using Celestia
In 1844 the German astronomer Friedrich Bessel deduced from changes in the proper motion of Sirius that it had an unseen companion.[38] Nearly two decades later, on January 31, 1862, American telescope-maker and astronomer Alvan Graham Clark first observed the faint companion, which is now called Sirius B, or affectionately "the Pup".[39] This happened during testing of an 18.5-inch (470 mm) aperture great refractor telescope for Dearborn Observatory, which was the largest refracting telescope lens in existence at the time, and the largest telescope in America.[40]

The visible star is now sometimes known as Sirius A. Since 1894, some apparent orbital irregularities in the Sirius system have been observed, suggesting a third very small companion star, but this has never been definitely confirmed. The best fit to the data indicates a six-year orbit around Sirius A and a mass of only 0.06 solar masses. This star would be five to ten magnitudes fainter than the white dwarf Sirius B, which would account for the difficulty of observing it.[41] Observations published in 2008 were unable to detect either a third star or a planet. An apparent "third star" observed in the 1920s is now confirmed as a background object.[42]

In 1915, Walter Sydney Adams, using a 60-inch (1.5 m) reflector at Mount Wilson Observatory, observed the spectrum of Sirius B and determined that it was a faint whitish star.[43] This led astronomers to conclude that it was a white dwarf, the second to be discovered.[44] The diameter of Sirius A was first measured by Robert Hanbury Brown and Richard Q. Twiss in 1959 at Jodrell Bank using their stellar intensity interferometer.[45] In 2005, using the Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers determined that Sirius B has nearly the diameter of the Earth, 12,000 kilometers (7,500 mi), with a mass that is 98% of the Sun.[46][47][48][49]

[edit] Red controversy

Around 150 AD, the Greek astronomer of the Roman period Claudius Ptolemy described Sirius as reddish, along with five other stars, Betelgeuse, Antares, Aldebaran, Arcturus and Pollux, all of which are clearly of orange or red hue.[50] The discrepancy was first noted by amateur astronomer Thomas Barker, squire of Lyndon Hall in Rutland, who prepared a paper and spoke at a meeting of the Royal Society in London in 1760.[51] The existence of other stars changing in brightness gave credence to the idea that some may change in colour too; Sir John Herschel noted this in 1839, possibly influenced by witnessing Eta Carinae two years earlier.[52] Thomas Jefferson Jackson See resurrected discussion on red Sirius with the publication of several papers in 1892, and a final summary in 1926.[53] He cited not only Ptolemy but also the poet Aratus, the orator Cicero, and general Germanicus as colouring the star red, though acknowledging that none of the latter three authors were astronomers, the last two merely translating Aratus' poem Phaenomena.[54] Seneca, too, had described Sirius as being of a deeper red colour than Mars.[55] However, not all ancient observers saw Sirius as red. The 1st century AD poet Marcus Manilius described it as "sea-blue", as did the 4th century Avienus.[56] It is the standard star for the color white in ancient China, and multiple records from the 2nd century BC up to the 7th century AD all describe Sirius as white in hue.[57][58]

In 1985, German astronomers Wolfhard Schlosser and Werner Bergmann published an account of an 8th century Lombardic manuscript, which contains De cursu stellarum ratio by St. Gregory of Tours. The Latin text taught readers how to determine the times of nighttime prayers from positions of the stars, and Sirius is described within as rubeola — "reddish". The authors proposed this was further evidence Sirius B had been a red giant at the time.[59] However, other scholars replied that it was likely St. Gregory had been referring to Arcturus instead.[60][61]

The possibility that stellar evolution of either Sirius A or Sirius B could be responsible for this discrepancy has been rejected by astronomers on the grounds that the timescale of thousands of years is too short and that there is no sign of the nebulosity in the system that would be expected had such a change taken place.[55] An interaction with a third star, to date undiscovered, has also been proposed as a possibility for a red appearance.[62] Alternative explanations are either that the description as red is a poetic metaphor for ill fortune, or that the dramatic scintillations of the star when it was observed rising left the viewer with the impression that it was red. To the naked eye, it often appears to be flashing with red, white and blue hues when near the horizon.[55]

[edit] Visibility

The image of Sirius A and Sirius B taken by the Hubble Space Telescope. The white dwarf can be seen to the lower left.[63] The diffraction spikes and concentric rings are instrumental effects.
With an apparent magnitude of -1.46, Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky, almost twice the brightness of the second brightest star, Canopus.[64] However, it is not as bright as the Moon, Venus, or Jupiter. At times, Mercury and Mars are also brighter than Sirius.[65] Sirius can be seen from almost every inhabited region of the Earth's surface, with only those north of 73 degrees unable to see it. However, it does not rise very high when viewed from some northern cities, reaching only 13° above the horizon from Saint Petersburg.[66] Sirius, along with Procyon and Betelgeuse, forms one of the three vertices of the Winter Triangle to observers in the Northern Hemisphere.[67] Due to its declination of roughly -17°,[2] Sirius is a circumpolar star from latitudes south of 73° S. From the Southern Hemisphere in early July, Sirius can be seen in both the evening where it sets after the Sun, and in the morning where it rises before the Sun.[68] Due to precession (and slightly proper motion), Sirius will move further south. From AD 9000 Sirius won't be visible anymore from northern and central Europe and in AD 14000 (when Vega is close to the North Pole) its declination will be -67º and thus will be circumpolar throughout South Africa and in most parts of Australia.

Sirius can even be observed in daylight with the naked eye under the right conditions. Ideally, the sky should be very clear, with the observer at a high altitude, the star passing overhead, and the Sun low down on the horizon.[69] These observing conditions are more easily met in the southern hemisphere, due to the southerly declination of Sirius.

The orbital motion of the Sirius binary system brings the two stars to a minimum angular separation of 3 arcseconds and a maximum of 11 arcseconds. At the closest approach, it is an observational challenge to distinguish the white dwarf from its more luminous companion, requiring a telescope with at least 300 mm (12 in) aperture and excellent seeing conditions. A periastron occurred in 1994[note 4] and the pair have since been moving apart, making them easier to separate with a telescope.[70]

At a distance of 2.6 parsecs (8.6 ly), the Sirius system contains two of the eight nearest stars to the Solar System[71] and is the fifth closest stellar system to ours.[71] This proximity is the main reason for its brightness, as with other near stars such as Alpha Centauri and in stark contrast to distant, highly luminous supergiants such as Canopus, Rigel or Betelgeuse.[72] However, it is still around 25 times more luminous than the Sun.[7] The closest large neighbouring star to Sirius is Procyon, 1.61 parsecs (5.24 ly) away.[73] The Voyager 2 spacecraft, launched in 1977 to study the four Jovian planets in the Solar System, is expected to pass within 4.3 light-years (1.3 pc) of Sirius in approximately 296,000 years.[74]

[edit] System

 

A Chandra X-ray Observatory image of the Sirius star system, where the spike-like pattern is due to the support structure for the transmission grating. The bright source is Sirius B. Credit: NASA/SAO/CXC.
Sirius is a binary star system consisting of two white stars orbiting each other with a separation of about 20 astronomical units (3.0×109 km; 1.9×109 mi)[note 5] (roughly the distance between the Sun and Uranus) and a period of 50.1 years. The brighter component, termed Sirius A, is a main-sequence star of spectral type A1V, with an estimated surface temperature of 9,940 K.[8] Its companion, Sirius B, is a star that has already evolved off the main sequence and become a white dwarf. Currently 10,000 times less luminous in the visual spectrum, Sirius B was once the more massive of the two.[75] The age of the system has been estimated at around 230 million years. Early in its lifespan it was thought to have been two bluish white stars orbiting each other in an elliptical orbit every 9.1 years.[75] The system emits a higher than expected level of infrared radiation, as measured by IRAS space-based observatory. This may be an indication of dust in the system, and is considered somewhat unusual for a binary star.[73][76] The Chandra X-ray Observatory image shows Sirius B outshining its bright partner as it is a brighter X-ray source.[77]

[edit] Sirius A

An artist's impression of Sirius A and Sirius B. Sirius A is the larger of the two stars.
Sirius A has a mass double that of the Sun.[7][78] The radius of this star has been measured by an astronomical interferometer, giving an estimated angular diameter of 5.936±0.016 mas. The projected rotational velocity is a relatively low 16 km/s,[10] which does not produce any significant flattening of its disk.[79] This is at marked variance with the similar-sized Vega, which rotates at a much faster 274 km/s and bulges prominently around its equator.[80] A weak magnetic field has been detected on the surface of Sirius A.[81]

Stellar models suggest that the star formed during the collapsing of a molecular cloud, and that after 10 million years, its internal energy generation was derived entirely from nuclear reactions. The core became convective and utilized the CNO cycle for energy generation.[79] It is predicted that Sirius A will have completely exhausted the store of hydrogen at its core within a billion (109) years of its formation. At this point it will pass through a red giant stage, then settle down to become a white dwarf.

Sirius A is classed as an Am star because the spectrum shows deep metallic absorption lines,[82] indicating an enhancement in elements heavier than helium, such as iron.[73][79] When compared to the Sun, the proportion of iron in the atmosphere of Sirius A relative to hydrogen is given by ,[9] which is equivalent to 100.5, meaning it has 316% of the proportion of iron in the Sun's atmosphere. The high surface content of metallic elements is unlikely to be true of the entire star, rather the iron-peak and heavy metals are radiatively levitated towards the surface.[79]

[edit] Sirius B

The orbit of Sirius B around A as seen from Earth (slanted ellipse) and as seen face-on (wide horizontal ellipse).
With a mass nearly equal to the Sun's, Sirius B is one of the more massive white dwarfs known (0.98 solar masses[83]); it is almost double the 0.5–0.6 solar-mass average. Yet that same mass is packed into a volume roughly equal to the Earth's.[83] The current surface temperature is 25,200 K.[7] However, since there is no internal heat source, Sirius B will steadily cool as the remaining heat is radiated into space over a period of more than two billion years.[84]

A white dwarf forms only after the star has evolved from the main sequence and then passed through a red giant stage. This occurred when Sirius B was less than half its current age, around 120 million years ago. The original star had an estimated 5 solar masses[7] and was a B-type star (roughly B4-5)[85][86] when it still was on the main sequence. While it passed through the red giant stage, Sirius B may have enriched the metallicity of its companion.

This star is primarily composed of a carbon–oxygen mixture that was generated by helium fusion in the progenitor star.[7] This is overlaid by an envelope of lighter elements, with the materials segregated by mass because of the high surface gravity.[87] Hence the outer atmosphere of Sirius B is now almost pure hydrogen—the element with the lowest mass—and no other elements are seen in this star's spectrum.[88]

[edit] Sirius star cluster

In 1909, Ejnar Hertzsprung was the first to suggest that Sirius was a member of the Ursa Major Moving Group, based on his observations of the system's movements across the sky. The Ursa Major Group is a set of 220 stars that share a common motion through space and were once formed as members of an open cluster, which has since become gravitationally unbound.[89] However, analyses in 2003 and 2005 found Sirius's membership in the group to be questionable: the Ursa Major Group has an estimated age of 500±100 million years, while Sirius, with metallicity similar to the Sun's, has an age that is only half this, making it too young to belong to the group.[7][90][91] Sirius may instead be a member of the proposed Sirius Supercluster, along with other scattered stars such as Beta Aurigae, Alpha Coronae Borealis, Beta Crateris, Beta Eridani and Beta Serpentis.[92] This is one of three large clusters located within 500 light-years (150 pc) of the Sun. The other two are the Hyades and the Pleiades, and each of these clusters consists of hundreds of stars.[93]

[edit] Etymology and cultural significance

See also: Winter triangle

The most commonly used proper name of this star comes from the Latin Sirius, from the Ancient Greek Se????? (Seirios, "glowing" or "scorcher"),[94] although the Greek word itself may have been imported from elsewhere before the Archaic period,[95] one authority suggesting a link with the Egyptian god Osiris.[96] The name's earliest recorded use dates from the 7th century BC in Hesiod's poetic work Works and Days.[95] Sirius has over 50 other designations and names attached to it.[64] In Geoffrey Chaucer's essay Treatise on the Astrolabe, it bears the name Alhabor, and is depicted by a hound's head. This name is widely used on medieval astrolabes from Western Europe.[13] In Sanskrit it is known as Mrgavyadha "deer hunter", or Lubdhaka "hunter". As Mrgavyadha, the star represents Rudra (Shiva).[97][98] The star is referred as Makarajyoti in Malayalam and has religious significance to the pilgrim center Sabarimala.[citation needed] In Scandinavia, the star has been known as Lokabrenna ("burning done by Loki", or "Loki's torch").[99] In the astrology of the Middle Ages, Sirius was a Behenian fixed star,[100] associated with beryl and juniper. Its astrological symbol was listed by Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa.[101]

Many cultures have historically attached special significance to Sirius, particularly in relation to dogs. Indeed, it is often colloquially called the "Dog Star" as the brightest star of Canis Major, the "Great Dog" constellation.

It was classically depicted as Orion's dog. The Ancient Greeks thought that Sirius's emanations could affect dogs adversely, making them behave abnormally during the "dog days," the hottest days of the summer. The Romans knew these days as dies caniculares, and the star Sirius was called Canicula, "little dog." The excessive panting of dogs in hot weather was thought to place them at risk of desiccation and disease. In extreme cases, a foaming dog might have rabies, which could infect and kill humans whom they had bitten.[25] Homer, in the Iliad, describes the approach of Achilles toward Troy in these words:

Sirius rises late in the dark, liquid sky
On summer nights, star of stars,
Orion's Dog they call it, brightest
Of all, but an evil portent, bringing heat
And fevers to suffering humanity.[102]

In Iranian mythology, especially in Persian mythology and in Zoroastrianism, the ancient religion of Persia, Sirius appears as Tishtrya and is revered as a divinity. Beside passages in the sacred texts of the Avesta, the Avestan language Tishtrya followed by the version Tir in Middle and New Persian is also depicted in the Persian epic Shahnameh of Ferdowsi. Due to the concept of the yazatas, powers which are "worthy of worship", Tishtrya is a divinity of rain and fertility and an antagonist of apaosha, the demon of drought. In this struggle, Tishtrya is beautifully depicted as a white horse.[103][104][105][106]

In Chinese astronomy the star is known as the star of the "celestial wolf" (Chinese and Japanese: ??; ; Chinese romanization: Tianláng; Japanese romanization: Tenro;[107] in the Mansion of Jing (??). Farther afield, many nations among the indigenous peoples of North America also associated Sirius with canines; the Seri and Tohono O'odham of the southwest note the star as a dog that follows mountain sheep, while the Blackfoot called it "Dog-face". The Cherokee paired Sirius with Antares as a dog-star guardian of either end of the "Path of Souls". The Pawnee of Nebraska had several associations; the Wolf (Skidi) tribe knew it as the "Wolf Star", while other branches knew it as the "Coyote Star". Further north, the Alaskan Inuit of the Bering Strait called it "Moon Dog".[108]

Several cultures also associated the star with a bow and arrows. The Ancient Chinese visualized a large bow and arrow across the southern sky, formed by the constellations of Puppis and Canis Major. In this, the arrow tip is pointed at the wolf Sirius. A similar association is depicted at the Temple of Hathor in Dendera, where the goddess Satet has drawn her arrow at Hathor (Sirius). Known as "Tir", the star was portrayed as the arrow itself in later Persian culture.[109]

Sirius is mentioned in Surah, An-Najm ("The Star"), of the Qur'an, where it is given the name ?????????? (transliteration: aš-ši‘ra or ash-shira; the leader).[110] The verse is: "??????? ???? ????? ??????????", "That He is the Lord of Sirius (the Mighty Star)." (An-Najm:49)[111] Ibn Kathir said in his commentary "Ibn 'Abbas, Mujahid, Qatada and Ibn Zayd said about Ash-Shi`ra that it is the bright star, named Mirzam Al-Jawza' (Sirius), which a group of Arabs used to worship."[112] The alternate name Aschere, used by Johann Bayer, is derived from this.[12]

In Theosophy, it is believed the Seven Stars of the Pleiades transmit the spiritual energy of the Seven Rays from the Galactic Logos to the Seven Stars of the Great Bear, then to Sirius. From there is it sent via the Sun to the god of Earth (Sanat Kumara), and finally through the seven Masters of the Seven Rays to the human race.[113]

[edit] Dogon

See also: Nommo

The Dogon people are an ethnic group in Mali, West Africa, reported to have traditional astronomical knowledge about Sirius that would normally be considered impossible without the use of telescopes. According to Marcel Griaule's books Conversations with Ogotemmêli and The Pale Fox they knew about the fifty-year orbital period of Sirius and its companion prior to western astronomers. They also refer to a third star accompanying Sirius A and B. Robert Temple's 1976 book The Sirius Mystery, credits them with knowledge of the four Galilean moons of Jupiter and the rings of Saturn. This has been the subject of controversy and speculation. According to a 1978 Skeptical Inquirer article it is possibly the result of cultural contamination.[114] Some have suggested the contaminators to have been the ethnographers themselves.[115][116] Others see this explanation as being too simplistic.[117]

Yoonir, symbol of the Universe in Serer religion.[118][119]
[edit] Serer religion

Main articles: Serer religion and Saltigue

In the religion of the Serer people of Senegal, the Gambia and Mauritania, Sirius is called Yoonir from the Serer language (and some of the Cangin language speakers, who are all ethnically Serers). The star Sirius is one of the most important and sacred stars in Serer religious cosmology and symbolism. The Serer high priests and priestesses, (Saltigues, the hereditary "rain priests"[120]) chart Yoonir in order to forecast rain fall and enable Serer farmers to start planting seeds. In Serer religious cosmology, it is the symbol of the universe.[118][119]

[edit] Modern legacy

See also: Sirius in fiction

Sirius is frequently a subject used in science fiction and related popular culture,[121] and even the subject of poetry.[122] Sirius is featured on the coat of arms of Macquarie University, and is the name of its alumnae journal.[123] The name of the North American satellite radio company, Satellite CD Radio, Inc., was changed to Sirius Satellite Radio in November 1999, being named after "the brightest star in the night sky".[124] Composer Karlheinz Stockhausen has been claimed to have said on several occasions that he came from a planet in the Sirius system.[125][126] Astronomer Noah Brosch has speculated that the name of the character Sirius Black from the Harry Potter stories might have been inspired by "Sirius B", and notes that the wizard has the ability to transform into a dog.[122] In the BBC Doctor Who series, the Doctor reveals the star actually consists of two smaller ones.

Sirius is one of the 27 stars on the flag of Brazil, where it represents the state of Mato Grosso.[127]

Seven ships of Great Britain's Royal Navy have been called HMS Sirius since the 18th century, with the first being the flagship of the First Fleet to Australia in 1788.[128] The Royal Australian Navy subsequently named a vessel HMAS Sirius in honor of the flagship.[129] American vessels include the USNS Sirius as well as a monoplane model—the Lockheed Sirius, the first of which was flown by Charles Lindbergh.[130] The name was also adopted by Mitsubishi Motors for the Mitsubishi Sirius engine in 1980.[131]

[edit] See also

Star portal

List of brightest stars
List of nearest stars
Sothic cycle

[edit] Notes

1.^ a b c d Astrometric data, mirrored by SIMBAD from the Hipparcos catalogue, pertains to the center of mass of the Sirius system. See §2.3.4, Volume 1, The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues, European Space Agency, 1997, and the entry for Sirius in the Hipparcos catalogue (CDS ID I/239.)
2.^ For apparent magnitude m and parallax p, the absolute magnitude Mv of Sirius A is given by: See: Tayler, Roger John (1994). The Stars: Their Structure and Evolution. Cambridge University Press. p. 16. ISBN 0-521-45885-4.
3.^ Bolometric luminosity of Sirius B calculated from L=4pR2sTeff4. (This simplifies to Ls=(Rs)^2*(Ts)^4, where Ls, Rs and Ts are Luminosity, Radius and Temperature all relative to solar values) See: Tayler, Roger John (1994). The Stars: Their Structure and Evolution. Cambridge University Press. p. 16. ISBN 0-521-45885-4.
4.^ Two full 50.09-year orbits following the periastron epoch of 1894.13 gives a date of 1994.31.
5.^ 1 light year = 63,241 AU; semi-major axis = distance × tan(subtended angle) = 8.6 × 63,241 × tan(7.56?) = 19.9 A.U., approximately

[edit] References

1.^ "Sirius". Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Random House, Inc. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
2.^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Database entry for Sirius A, SIMBAD. Accessed online October 20, 2007.
3.^ a b c d e McCook, G. P.; Sion, E. M.. "Entry for WD 0642-166". A Catalogue of Spectroscopically Identified White Dwarfs (August 2006 version). CDS. ID III/235A.)
4.^ Hoffleit, D.; Warren, Jr., W. H. (1991). "Entry for HR 2491". Bright Star Catalogue, 5th Revised Ed. (Preliminary Version). CDS. ID V/50.
5.^ a b van Leeuwen, F. (November 2007), "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction", Astronomy and Astrophysics 474 (2): 653–664, arXiv:0708.1752, Bibcode 2007A&A...474..653V, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357
6.^ van den Bos, W. H. (1960). "The Orbit of Sirius". Journal des Observateurs 43: 145–151. Bibcode 1960JO.....43..145V.
7.^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Liebert, J.; Young, P. A.; Arnett, D.; Holberg, J. B.; Williams, K. A. (2005). "The Age and Progenitor Mass of Sirius B". The Astrophysical Journal 630 (1): L69–L72. arXiv:astro-ph/0507523. Bibcode 2005ApJ...630L..69L. doi:10.1086/462419.
8.^ a b c Adelman, Saul J. (July 8–13, 2004). "The Physical Properties of normal A stars". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. Poprad, Slovakia: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–11. Bibcode 2004IAUS..224....1A.
9.^ a b Qiu, H. M.; Zhao, G.; Chen, Y. Q.; Li, Z. W. (2001). "The Abundance Patterns of Sirius and Vega". The Astrophysical Journal 548 (2): 953–965. Bibcode 2001ApJ...548..953Q. doi:10.1086/319000.
10.^ a b Royer, F.; M. Gerbaldi, R. Faraggiana, and A. E. Gómez (2002). "Rotational velocities of A-type stars. I. Measurement of v sin i in the southern hemisphere". Astronomy and Astrophysics 381 (1): 105–121. arXiv:astro-ph/0110490. Bibcode 2002A&A...381..105R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011422.
11.^ a b Holberg, J. B.; Barstow, M. A.; Bruhweiler, F. C.; Cruise, A. M.; Penny, A. J. (1998). "Sirius B: A New, More Accurate View". The Astrophysical Journal 497 (2): 935–942. Bibcode 1998ApJ...497..935H. doi:10.1086/305489.
12.^ a b c Hinckley, Richard Allen (1899). Star-names and Their Meanings. New York: G. E. Stechert. p. 117–25.
13.^ a b Gingerich, Owen (1987). "Zoomorphic Astrolabes and the Introduction of Arabic Star Names into Europe". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 500: 89–104. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb37197.x. edit
14.^ Singh, Nagendra Kumar (2002). Encyclopaedia of Hinduism, A Continuing Series. Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. p. 794. ISBN 81-7488-168-9.
15.^ Spahn, Mark; Hadamitzky, Wolfgang; Fujie-Winter, Kimiko (1996). The Kanji dictionary. Tuttle Publishing. p. 724. ISBN 0-8048-2058-9.
16.^ Database entry for Sirius B, SIMBAD. Accessed on line October 23, 2007.
17.^ van Altena, W. F.; Lee, J. T.; Hoffleit, E. D. (1995). The general catalogue of trigonometric parallaxes (4th ed.). Yale University Observatory. (CDS ID I/238A.
18.^ Schaaf, Fred (2008). The Brightest Stars. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. p. 94. ISBN 0-471-70410-5. Retrieved 2010-07-23.
19.^ Perryman, M. A. C.; Lindegren, L.; Kovalevsky, J.; et al. (July 1997), "The Hipparcos Catalogue", Astronomy and Astrophysics 323: L49–L52, Bibcode 1997A&A...323L..49P
20.^ Perryman, Michael (2010), The Making of History's Greatest Star Map, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-11602-5
21.^ Sky and Telescope, April 1998 (p60), based on computations from Hipparcos data.
22.^ Wendorf, Fred; Schild, Romuald (2001) (Google Book Search preview). Holocene Settlement of the Egyptian Sahara: Volume 1, The Archaeology of Nabta Plain. Springer. p. 500. ISBN 0-306-46612-0. Retrieved 2008-05-16.
23.^ a b (Holberg 2007, pp. 4–5)
24.^ (Holberg 2007, p. 19)
25.^ a b c (Holberg 2007, p. 20)
26.^ (Holberg 2007, pp. 16–17)
27.^ Ovid. Fasti IV, lines 901–942.
28.^ (Holberg 2007, p. 32)
29.^ (Holberg 2007, p. 25)
30.^ (Holberg 2007, pp. 25–26)
31.^ (Holberg 2007, p. 26)
32.^ Henry, Teuira (1907). "Tahitian Astronomy: Birth of Heavenly Bodies". The Journal of the Polynesian Society 16 (2): 101–04. JSTOR 20700813.
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51.^ Ceragioli, R. C. (1995). "The Debate Concerning 'Red' Sirius". Journal for the History of Astronomy 26 (3): 187–226. Bibcode 1995JHA....26..187C.
52.^ (Holberg 2007, p. 158)
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56.^ (Holberg 2007, p. 163)
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59.^ Schlosser, W.; Bergmann, W. (November 1985). "An early-medieval account on the red colour of Sirius and its astrophysical implications". Nature 318 (318): 45–46. Bibcode 1985Natur.318...45S. doi:10.1038/318045a0.
60.^ McCluskey, S. C. (January 1987). "The colour of Sirius in the sixth century". Nature 318 (325): 87. Bibcode 1987Natur.325...87M. doi:10.1038/325087a0.
61.^ van Gent, R. H. (January 1987). "The colour of Sirius in the sixth century". Nature 318 (325): 87–89. Bibcode 1987Natur.325...87V. doi:10.1038/325087b0.
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63.^ "The Dog Star, Sirius, and its Tiny Companion". Hubble News Desk. 2005-12-13. Retrieved 2006-08-04.
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81.^ Petit, P.; et al. (August 2011). "Detection of a weak surface magnetic field on Sirius A: are all tepid stars magnetic ?". Astronomy and Astrophysics 532: L13. arXiv:1106.5363. Bibcode 2011A&A...532L..13P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117573.
82.^ Aurière, M.; et al. (November 2010). "No detection of large-scale magnetic fields at the surfaces of Am and HgMn stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics 523: A40. arXiv:1008.3086. Bibcode 2010A&A...523A..40A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014848.
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[edit] Cited texts
Brosch, Noah (2008). Sirius Matters. Springer. ISBN 1-4020-8318-1
Holberg, J.B. (2007). Sirius: Brightest Diamond in the Night Sky. Chichester, UK: Praxis Publishing. ISBN 0-387-48941-X

[edit] External links

Look up dog days in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Sirius

Professor Kaler's webpage on Sirius
Astronomy Picture of the Day of Sirius B in x-ray
Discussion on Dogon issue
Sirius time
Barker, Tho.; Stukeley, W. (1760). "Remarks on the Mutations of the Stars". Philosophical Transactions 51 (0): 498–504. doi:10.1098/rstl.1759.0049. JSTOR 105393.

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Nearest star systems

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Nearest bright star systems
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Stars of Canis Major

Coordinates: 06h 45m 08.9173s, -16° 42' 58.017?

Categories: Bayer objects
Binary stars
Canis Major (constellation)
Flamsteed objects
Henry Draper Catalogue objects
Hipparcos objects
HR objects
Gliese and GJ objects
Mythological dogs
White dwarf stars
A-type main sequence stars
Stars with proper names

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Daily Mail

Monday February 23, 2009

ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS

Compiled by Charles Legge

Page 57

QUESTION Are the three stars that make up Orion's belt a similar distance from the Earth or do they just appear that way?

ORION, the giant huntsman of Greek mythology whom Zeus placed among the stars as the constellation, has three stars of apparently similar brightness and colour (bluish-white) in his belt, given the Arabic names (from left to right) Alnitak, Alnilam and Mintaka.

In fact, Alnitak is 800 light years away from us, Alnilam 1,300 light years and Mintaka 900 light years. They appear in a straight line only in our line of sight.
Despite this, the three stars appear to be closely associated. Each is a luminous, hot supergiant having luminosities at least 100,000 times that of the Sun, and surface temperatures exceeding 25,000c (our Sun is 5,500c).

It's believed the three stars, and several other equally hot and luminous stars in the constellation Orion, were formed together as a close cluster. The passage of time has seen them drift apart.

Such luminous stars use up hydrogen at a prodigious rate so they're only a few million years old and have no more than a few million years to live before blowing themselves up in a supernova explosion.

These timescales are short in astronomical terms. Our Sun, with its far lower luminosity and lower fuel consumption, has shone for five billion years and is expected to shine steadily for the same amount of time before it, too, dies, in a much more sedate fashion than a supernova explosion.

The five billion years that our Sun has been around has meant that life has had time to develop on one of its planets — Earth.
It seems most unlikely that any hypopthetical planet around a star in Orion's belt could have developed sort of life when the history of the star, from birth to death, is only a few million years.

Norman Wallace, Sutton Coldfield, W Mids.

 

 

HERA HERE HER RHEA RATHER RHEA RATHER RHEA HER HERE HERA

ZEUS SEE US I ME YOU SEE ZEUS ME I ME ZEUS SEE YOU ME I US SEE ZEUS

 

 

A

STAR LIGHT STAR

STORY

A

STARRY RIDE A RIDE STARRY

I AM ALL STARRY STARRY EYED AM I ME I AM ALL STARRY STARRY EYED AM I

I AM ALL STARRY STARRY I'D AM I ME I AM ALL STARRY STARRY I'D AM I

I AM ALL STARRY STARRY IDEA AM I ME I AM ALL STARRY STARRY IDEA AM I

I AM ALL STARRY STARRY LIGHT AM I ME I AM ALL STARRY STARRY LIGHT AM I

A

STAR STARE STAR

HELLO SAY I ME I SAY HELLO

 

 

W
=
5
-
4
WHEN
50
23
5
Y
=
7
-
3
YOU
61
16
7
W
=
5
-
4
WISH
59
23
5
U
=
3
-
4
UPON
66
21
3
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
S
=
1
-
4
STAR
58
13
4
-
-
22
4
20
First Total
295
97
25
-
-
2+2
-
2+0
Add to Reduce
2+9+5
9+7
2+5
Q
-
4
-
2
Second Total
16
16
7
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+6
1+6
-
-
-
4
-
2
Essence of Number
7
7
7

 

 

ALNI TAK ALNILAM MINTAKA

 

A
=
1
-
7
ALNITAK
68
23
5
A
=
1
-
7
ALNILAM
62
26
8
M
=
4
-
7
MINTAKA
69
24
6
-
-
6
4
21
First Total
199
73
19
-
-
-
-
2+1
Add to Reduce
1+9+9
7+3
1+9
Q
-
6
-
3
Second Total
19
10
10
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+9
1+0
1+0
Q
-
6
-
3
Third Totalr
10
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
Add to Reduce
1+0
-
-
Q
-
6
-
3
Essence of Number
1
1
1

 

ALNITAK ALNILAM MINTAKA

 

 

-
21
A
L
N
I
T
A
K
-
A
L
N
I
L
A
M
-
M
I
N
T
A
K
A
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
5
-
-
-
-
+
=
42
4+2
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
14
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
14
-
-
-
-
+
=
69
6+9
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
-
21
A
L
N
I
T
A
K
-
A
L
N
I
L
A
M
-
M
I
N
T
A
K
A
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
3
-
-
2
1
2
-
1
3
-
-
3
1
4
-
4
-
-
2
1
2
1
+
=
31
3+1
=
4
=
4
=
4
-
-
1
12
-
-
20
1
11
-
1
12
-
-
12
1
13
-
13
-
-
20
1
11
1
+
=
130
1+3+0
=
4
=
4
=
4
-
21
A
L
N
I
T
A
K
-
A
L
N
I
L
A
M
-
M
I
N
T
A
K
A
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
12
14
9
20
1
11
-
1
12
14
9
12
1
13
-
13
9
14
20
1
11
1
+
=
199
1+9+9
=
19
1+9
10
1+0
1
-
-
1
3
5
9
2
1
2
-
1
3
5
9
3
1
4
-
4
9
5
2
1
2
1
+
=
73
7+3
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
21
A
L
N
I
T
A
K
-
A
L
N
I
L
A
M
-
M
I
N
T
A
K
A
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
6
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
2
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
4
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
3
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
2
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
3
=
27
2+7
9
21
21
A
L
N
I
T
A
K
-
A
L
N
I
L
A
M
-
M
I
N
T
A
K
A
-
-
24
-
-
21
-
73
-
46
2+1
2+1
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
2+4
-
-
2+1
-
7+3
-
4+6
3
3
A
L
N
I
T
A
K
-
A
L
N
I
L
A
M
-
M
I
N
T
A
K
A
-
-
6
-
-
3
-
10
-
10
-
-
1
3
5
9
2
1
2
-
1
3
5
9
3
1
4
-
4
9
5
2
1
2
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
1+0
3
3
A
L
N
I
T
A
K
-
A
L
N
I
L
A
M
-
M
I
N
T
A
K
A
-
-
6
-
-
3
-
1
-
1

 

 

21
A
L
N
I
T
A
K
-
A
L
N
I
L
A
M
-
M
I
N
T
A
K
A
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
5
-
-
-
-
+
=
42
4+2
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
14
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
14
-
-
-
-
+
=
69
6+9
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
21
A
L
N
I
T
A
K
-
A
L
N
I
L
A
M
-
M
I
N
T
A
K
A
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
3
-
-
2
1
2
-
1
3
-
-
3
1
4
-
4
-
-
2
1
2
1
+
=
31
3+1
=
4
=
4
=
4
-
1
12
-
-
20
1
11
-
1
12
-
-
12
1
13
-
13
-
-
20
1
11
1
+
=
130
1+3+0
=
4
=
4
=
4
21
A
L
N
I
T
A
K
-
A
L
N
I
L
A
M
-
M
I
N
T
A
K
A
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
12
14
9
20
1
11
-
1
12
14
9
12
1
13
-
13
9
14
20
1
11
1
+
=
199
1+9+9
=
19
1+9
10
1+0
1
-
1
3
5
9
2
1
2
-
1
3
5
9
3
1
4
-
4
9
5
2
1
2
1
+
=
73
7+3
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
21
A
L
N
I
T
A
K
-
A
L
N
I
L
A
M
-
M
I
N
T
A
K
A
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
6
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
2
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
4
=
8
=
8
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
3
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
2
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
3
=
27
2+7
9
21
A
L
N
I
T
A
K
-
A
L
N
I
L
A
M
-
M
I
N
T
A
K
A
-
-
24
-
-
21
-
73
-
46
2+1
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
2+4
-
-
2+1
-
7+3
-
4+6
3
A
L
N
I
T
A
K
-
A
L
N
I
L
A
M
-
M
I
N
T
A
K
A
-
-
6
-
-
3
-
10
-
10
-
1
3
5
9
2
1
2
-
1
3
5
9
3
1
4
-
4
9
5
2
1
2
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
1+0
3
A
L
N
I
T
A
K
-
A
L
N
I
L
A
M
-
M
I
N
T
A
K
A
-
-
6
-
-
3
-
1
-
1

 

 

7
ALNITAK
68
23
5
7
ALNILAM
62
26
8
7
MINTAKA
69
24
6
21
First Total
199
73
19
2+1
Add to Reduce
1+9+9
7+3
1+9
3
Second Total
19
10
10
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+9
1+0
1+0
3
Third Totalr
10
1
1
-
Reduce to Produce
1+0
-
-
3
Essence of Number
1
1
1

 

 

A
=
1
-
4
ALNI
36
18
9
A
=
1
-
4
ALNI
36
18
9
M
=
4
-
3
MIN
36
18
9
-
-
6
4
11
Add to Reduce
108
54
27
-
-
-
-
1+1
Reduce to Deduce
1+0+8
5+4
2+7
Q
-
6
-
2
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

ALNI TAK ALNI LAM MIN TAKA

I

ME I ME

I

ALNI TAK ALNI LAM MIN TAKA

 

A
=
1
-
4
ALNI
36
18
9
A
=
1
-
4
ALNI
36
18
9
M
=
4
-
3
MIN
36
18
9
-
-
6
4
11
Add to Reduce
108
54
27
-
-
-
-
1+1
Reduce to Deduce
1+0+8
5+4
2+7
Q
-
6
-
2
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

7
ALNITAK
68
23
5
7
ALNILAM
62
26
8
7
MINTAKA
69
24
6
21
First Total
199
73
19
2+1
Add to Reduce
1+9+9
7+3
1+9
3
Second Total
19
10
10
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+9
1+0
1+0
3
Third Totalr
10
1
1
-
Reduce to Produce
1+0
-
-
3
Essence of Number
1
1
1

 

 

T
=
2
-
3
TAK
32
5
5
L
=
3
-
3
LAM
26
8
8
T
=
2
-
4
TAKA
33
6
6
-
-
7
4
10
First Total
91
19
19
-
-
-
-
1+0
Add to Reduce
9+1
1+9
1+9
Q
-
7
-
1
Second Total
10
10
10
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
1+0
Q
-
7
-
1
Essence of Number
10
10
10

 

 

7
ALNITAK
68
23
5
7
ALNILAM
62
26
8
7
MINTAKA
69
24
6
21
First Total
199
73
19
2+1
Add to Reduce
1+9+9
7+3
1+9
3
Second Total
19
10
10
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+9
1+0
1+0
3
Third Totalr
10
1
1
-
Reduce to Produce
1+0
-
-
3
Essence of Number
1
1
1

 

 

ALNITAK ALNILAM MINTAKA

ALNI TAK ALNI LAM MIN TAKA

1+3+5+9 2+1+2 1+3+5+9 3+1+4 4+9+5 2+1+2+1

ALNI TAK ALNI LAM MIN TAKA

ALNITAK ALNILAM MINTAKA

 

 

ALNITAK (Zeta Orionis). With brilliant Betelgeuse and Rigel dominating great Orion, we pay little heed to the individual stars of the Hunter's belt except ... www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/alnitak.html

ALNITAK (Zeta Orionis). With brilliant Betelgeuse and Rigel dominating great Orion, we pay little heed to the individual stars of the Hunter's belt except as a group, the trio the Arabs called the "string of pearls." All second magnitude, Johannes Bayer seems to have named the stars Delta, Epsilon, and Zeta from right to left. The name of the left hand star, Alnitak (Zeta Orionis), stands in for the whole string, and comes from a phrase that means "the belt of al jauza," "al jauza" the Arabs female "central one." Separate Alnitak from the belt and it becomes a most remarkable star in its own right, the brightest class O star in the sky, a hot blue supergiant. Tucked right next to it is a companion, a blue class B hydrogen-fusing star about three seconds of arc away, the pair orbiting each other with a period estimated to be thousands of years long. The region around Alnitak is remarkable as well, containing several dusty clouds of interstellar gas, including the famed "Horsehead Nebula" to the south. Alnitak approaches first magnitude even though at a distance of 800 light years. To the eye (ignoring the companion), it is 10,000 times more luminous than the Sun. However, its 31,000 Kelvin surface radiates mostly in the ultraviolet where the eye cannot see, and when that it taken into account, Alnitak's luminosity climbs to 100,000 times solar. A planet like the Earth would have to be 300 times farther from Alnitak than Earth is from the Sun (8 times Pluto's distance) for life like ours to survive. Such brilliance can only come from a star of great mass, Alnitak's estimated to be about 20 times solar (its dimmer companion's about 14 times solar). Like all O stars, Alnitak is a source of X-rays that seem to come from a wind that blows from its surface at nearly 2000 kilometers per second, the X- rays produced when blobs of gas in the wind crash violently into one another. Massive stars use their fuel quickly and do not live very long. Alnitak is probably only about 6 million years old (as opposed to the Sun's 4.5 billion year age) and it has already begun to die, hydrogen fusion having ceased in its core. The star will eventually become a red supergiant somewhat like Betelgeuse and almost certainly will explode as a supernova, leaving its companion orbiting a hot, madly spinning neutron star. (Thanks to Monica Shaw, who helped research this star.)

Written by Jim Kaler. Return to STARS.

 

 

7
ALNITAK
68
23
5

 

 

-
7
A
L
N
I
T
A
K
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
9
-
-
-
+
=
14
1+4
=
5
=
5
-
-
-
-
14
9
-
-
-
+
=
23
2+3
=
5
=
5
-
7
A
L
N
I
T
A
K
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
3
-
-
2
1
2
+
=
9
3+1
=
9
=
9
-
-
1
12
-
-
20
1
11
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
=
9
-
7
A
L
N
I
T
A
K
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
12
14
9
20
1
11
+
=
68
6+8
=
14
=
5
-
-
1
3
5
9
2
1
2
+
=
23
2+3
=
5
=
5
-
7
A
L
N
I
T
A
K
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
2
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
25
7
A
L
N
I
T
A
K
-
-
20
-
-
7
-
23
2+5
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
2+0
-
-
-
-
2+3
7
7
A
L
N
I
T
A
K
-
-
2
-
-
7
-
5
-
-
1
3
5
9
2
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
7
A
L
N
I
T
A
K
-
-
2
-
-
7
-
5

 

 

7
A
L
N
I
T
A
K
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
9
-
-
-
+
=
14
1+4
=
5
=
5
-
-
-
14
9
-
-
-
+
=
23
2+3
=
5
=
5
7
A
L
N
I
T
A
K
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
3
-
-
2
1
2
+
=
9
3+1
=
9
=
9
-
1
12
-
-
20
1
11
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
=
9
7
A
L
N
I
T
A
K
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
12
14
9
20
1
11
+
=
68
6+8
=
14
=
5
-
1
3
5
9
2
1
2
+
=
23
2+3
=
5
=
5
7
A
L
N
I
T
A
K
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
2
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
7
A
L
N
I
T
A
K
-
-
20
-
-
7
-
23
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
2+0
-
-
-
-
2+3
7
A
L
N
I
T
A
K
-
-
2
-
-
7
-
5
-
1
3
5
9
2
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
A
L
N
I
T
A
K
-
-
2
-
-
7
-
5

 

 

ALNILAM (Epsilon Orionis). Three brilliant stars mark the belt of Orion the Hunter, from right to left (west to east) Mintaka, Alnilam, and Alnitak. ... www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/alnilam.html

ALNILAM (Epsilon Orionis). Three brilliant stars mark the belt of Orion the Hunter, from right to left (west to east) Mintaka, Alnilam, and Alnitak. The names of all three refer to the whole set. The outer two are named after the "belt" of the Arabs "Central One (a mysterious feminine figure), while Alnilam comes from an Arabic word that aptly means "the String of Pearls," which the trio so well represents. The brightest of the Belt stars (which Bayer lettered in alphabetic order, again from right to left, Delta, Epsilon, and Zeta), and ranking fourth in the whole constellation, Alnilam shines at bright second magnitude (1.70). Though all three stars have similar colors, classes, and temperatures, Alnilam, a hot B (B0) bright supergiant, is notably the most luminous: it is brightest even though farthest away, half again farther than the other two (which lie at nearly the same distance, about 870 light years). From Alnilam's measured (though rather uncertain) distance of 1340 light years, it spectacularly radiates (after correction for its great amount of ultraviolet light) 375,000 solar luminosities from its 25,000 Kelvin surface, and is so hot that it illuminates its own (faint) nebulous cloud from the surrounding interstellar gases. Alnilam has served for many years as a "standard star" against which to compare others. Its brilliant blue and relatively simple spectrum also provides a fine background against which to study the gases of the intervening interstellar space. Like most supergiants, Alnilam is losing mass. A powerful wind blows from the star's surface at speeds up to 2000 kilometers per second, the flow rate two millionths of a solar mass per year (20 million times that from the Sun). Though seemingly single, which disallows direct measure of mass by means of a double-star orbit, the luminosity tells of an evolving star with a mass some 40 times solar. Currently only 4 or so million years old, its internal hydrogen fusion is shutting down, if it has not done so already. The star will shortly turn into a magnificent red supergiant far more luminous than nearby (on the sky) Betelgeuse, its only fate someday to explode.

Written by Jim Kaler. Return to STARS.

 

 

7
ALNILAM
62
26
8

 

 

-
7
A
L
N
I
L
A
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
9
-
-
-
+
=
14
1+4
=
5
=
5
-
-
-
-
14
9
-
-
-
+
=
23
2+3
=
5
=
5
-
7
A
L
N
I
L
A
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
3
-
-
3
1
4
+
=
12
1+2
=
3
=
3
-
-
1
12
-
-
12
1
13
+
=
39
3+9
=
1+2
=
3
-
7
A
L
N
I
L
A
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
12
14
9
12
1
13
+
=
62
6+2
=
8
=
8
-
-
1
3
5
9
3
1
4
+
=
26
2+6
=
8
=
8
-
7
A
L
N
I
L
A
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
2
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
23
7
A
L
N
I
L
A
M
-
-
22
-
-
21
-
73
2+3
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
2+2
-
-
2+1
-
7+3
5
7
A
L
N
I
L
A
M
-
-
4
-
-
3
-
10
-
-
1
3
5
9
3
1
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
5
7
A
L
N
I
L
A
M
-
-
4
-
-
3
-
1

 

 

7
EPSILON
-
-
-
-
E+P+S
40
13
4
-
L+I+O+N
50
23
5
7
EPSILON
90
36
9
-
-
9+0
3+6
-
7
EPSILON
9
9
9

 

 

-
7
E
P
S
I
L
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
9
-
6
5
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
19
9
-
15
14
+
=
57
5+7
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
-
7
E
P
S
I
L
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
7
-
-
3
-
-
+
=
15
1+5
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
-
5
16
-
-
12
-
-
+
=
33
3+3
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
7
E
P
S
I
L
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
16
19
9
12
15
14
+
=
90
9+0
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
5
7
1
9
3
6
5
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
7
E
P
S
I
L
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
--
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
2
=
10
1+0
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
=
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
14
7
E
P
S
I
L
O
N
-
-
31
-
-
7
-
36
-
27
1+4
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
3+1
-
-
-
-
3+6
-
2+7
5
7
E
P
S
I
L
O
N
-
-
2
-
-
7
-
9
-
9

 

 

7
E
P
S
I
L
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
9
-
6
5
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
19
9
-
15
14
+
=
57
5+7
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
7
E
P
S
I
L
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
5
7
-
-
3
-
-
+
=
15
1+5
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
5
16
-
-
12
-
-
+
=
33
3+3
=
6
=
6
=
6
7
E
P
S
I
L
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
5
16
19
9
12
15
14
+
=
90
9+0
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
5
7
1
9
3
6
5
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
7
E
P
S
I
L
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
-
5
-
--
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
2
=
10
1+0
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
=
7
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
7
E
P
S
I
L
O
N
-
-
31
-
-
7
-
36
-
27
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
3+1
-
-
-
-
3+6
-
2+7
7
E
P
S
I
L
O
N
-
-
2
-
-
7
-
9
-
9

 

 

-
7
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
9
6
5
9
1
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
-
9
-
`-
15
-
9
15
14
9
19
+
=
81
8+1
=
9
=
9
-
9
-
7
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
9
-
=
9
=
9
-
9
-
`-
-
18
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
18
1+8
=
9
=
9
-
9
-
7
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
`-
15
18
9
15
14
9
19
+
=
99
9+9
=
18
1+8
9
-
9
-
-
6
9
9
6
5
9
1
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
=
9
-
9
-
7
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
2
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
5
--
-
6
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
2
=
12
1+2
3
7
-
7
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
3
=
27
2+7
9
24
7
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
21
-
-
7
-
45
-
18
2+4
-
-
9
9
-
-
9
-
-
-
2+1
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
1+8
6
7
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
3
-
-
7
-
9
-
9
-
-
6
9
9
6
5
9
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
7
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
3
-
-
7
-
9
-
9

 

 

7
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
9
6
5
9
1
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
-
9
`-
15
-
9
15
14
9
19
+
=
81
8+1
=
9
=
9
-
9
7
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
9
-
=
9
=
9
-
9
`-
-
18
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
18
1+8
=
9
=
9
-
9
7
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
`-
15
18
9
15
14
9
19
+
=
99
9+9
=
18
1+8
9
-
9
-
6
9
9
6
5
9
1
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
=
9
-
9
7
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
5
-
6
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
2
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
9
9
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
3
=
27
2+7
9
7
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
21
-
-
7
-
45
-
18
-
-
9
9
-
-
9
-
-
-
2+1
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
1+8
7
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
3
-
-
7
-
9
-
9
-
6
9
9
6
5
9
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
3
-
-
7
-
9
-
9

 

 

E
=
5
-
7
EPSILON
90
36
9
O
=
6
-
7
ORIONIS
99
45
9
-
-
11
4
14
First Total
189
81
18
-
-
1+1
-
1+4
Add to Reduce
1+8+9
8+1
1+8
Q
-
2
-
5
Second Total
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
Q
-
2
-
5
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
14
E
P
S
I
L
O
N
-
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
9
-
6
5
-
6
-
9
6
5
9
1
+
=
57
5+7
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
19
9
-
15
14
-
15
-
9
15
14
9
19
+
=
138
1+3+8
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
-
14
E
P
S
I
L
O
N
-
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
7
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
24
2+4
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
-
5
16
-
-
12
-
-
-
-
18
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
51
5+1
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
14
E
P
S
I
L
O
N
-
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
16
19
9
12
15
14
-
15
18
9
15
14
9
19
+
=
189
1+8+9
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
5
7
1
9
3
6
5
-
6
9
9
6
5
9
1
+
=
81
8+1
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
14
E
P
S
I
L
O
N
-
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
--
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
6
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
3
=
18
1+8
9
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
=
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
4
=
36
3+6
9
14
14
E
P
S
I
L
O
N
-
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
31
-
-
14
-
81
-
36
1+4
1+4
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
9
-
-
-
3+1
-
-
1+4
-
8+1
-
3+6
5
5
E
P
S
I
L
O
N
-
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
4
-
-
5
-
9
-
9
-
-
5
7
1
9
3
6
5
-
6
9
9
6
5
9
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
E
P
S
I
L
O
N
-
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
4
-
-
5
-
9
-
9

 

 

14
E
P
S
I
L
O
N
-
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
9
-
6
5
-
6
-
9
6
5
9
1
+
=
57
5+7
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
-
-
-
19
9
-
15
14
-
15
-
9
15
14
9
19
+
=
138
1+3+8
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
14
E
P
S
I
L
O
N
-
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
5
7
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
24
2+4
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
5
16
-
-
12
-
-
-
-
18
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
51
5+1
=
6
=
6
=
6
14
E
P
S
I
L
O
N
-
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
5
16
19
9
12
15
14
-
15
18
9
15
14
9
19
+
=
189
1+8+9
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
5
7
1
9
3
6
5
-
6
9
9
6
5
9
1
+
=
81
8+1
=
9
=
9
=
9
14
E
P
S
I
L
O
N
-
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
-
5
-
--
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
6
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
3
=
18
1+8
9
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
=
7
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
9
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
4
=
36
3+6
9
14
E
P
S
I
L
O
N
-
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
31
-
-
14
-
81
-
36
1+4
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
9
-
-
-
3+1
-
-
1+4
-
8+1
-
3+6
5
E
P
S
I
L
O
N
-
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
4
-
-
5
-
9
-
9
-
5
7
1
9
3
6
5
-
6
9
9
6
5
9
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
E
P
S
I
L
O
N
-
O
R
I
O
N
I
S
-
-
4
-
-
5
-
9
-
9

 

 

MINTAKA (Delta Orionis). Orion is defined by his great belt, three bright second magnitude stars in a row that the ancient Arabs called "the string of ... www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/mintaka.html

MINTAKA (Delta Orionis). Orion is defined by his great belt, three bright second magnitude stars in a row that the ancient Arabs called "the string of pearls," which is the meaning of the name of the middle star, Alnilam. The two flanking stars, eastern Alnitak and western Mintaka, both come from Arabic phrases that mean "the belt of the Central One," the Central One the Arabic personification of our Orion, a woman lost to history. Though (at magnitude 2.21) Mintaka is the seventh brightest star in Orion, and the faintest of the three belt stars, it still received the Delta designation from Bayer, who lettered the belt stars in order from west to east before dropping down to Orion's lower half to continue the process. Of the sky's brightest stars, first through third magnitude, Mintaka is closest to the celestial equator, only a quarter of a degree to the south, the star rising and setting almost exactly east and west. The star is wonderfully complex. A small telescope shows a seventh magnitude companion separated by almost a minute of arc. At Mintaka's distance of 915 light years (very nearly the same as Alnitak at the eastern end of the belt), the faint companion orbits at least a quarter of a light year from the bright one. In between is a vastly dimmer 14th magnitude component. The bright star we call Mintaka (whose solo magnitude is 2.23) is ALSO double, and consists of a hot (30,000 Kelvin) class B, slightly evolved, giant star and a somewhat hotter class O star, each radiating near 90,000 times the solar luminosity (after correction for a bit of interstellar dust absorption), each having masses somewhat over 20 times the solar mass. This pair is too close to be separated directly. The duplicity is known through the star's spectrum (its rainbow of light), which detects two stars orbiting each other every 5.73 days, and also because the stars slightly eclipse each other, causing a dip of about 0.2 magnitudes. Mintaka is most famed. however, as a background against which the thin gas of interstellar space was first detected, when the German astronomer Johannes Hartmann in 1904 discovered absorptions in the star's spectrum that could not be produced by the orbiting pair. From this discovery, and others that followed, we now know that all of the Galaxy's interstellar space contains an enormously complex medium of gas and dust that is the birthplace of new stars. Mintaka will also, to some distant generation of astronomers, be famed in death, as each of its components is so massive that their only fate is to explode violently as supernovae.

Written by Jim Kaler. Return to STARS.

 

 

7
MINTAKA
69
24
6

 

 

-
7
M
I
N
T
A
K
A
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
5
-
-
-
-
+
=
14
1+4
=
5
=
5
-
-
-
9
14
-
-
-
-
+
=
23
2+3
=
5
=
5
-
7
M
I
N
T
A
K
A
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
2
1
2
1
+
=
10
1+0
=
1
=
1
-
-
13
-
-
20
1
11
1
+
=
46
4+6
=
10
1+0
1
-
7
M
I
N
T
A
K
A
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
13
9
14
20
1
11
1
+
=
69
6+9
=
15
1+5
6
-
-
4
9
5
2
1
2
1
+
=
24
2+4
=
6
=
6
-
7
M
I
N
T
A
K
A
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
2
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
24
7
M
I
N
T
A
K
A
-
-
21
-
-
7
-
24
2+4
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2+1
-
-
-
-
2+4
6
7
M
I
N
T
A
K
A
-
-
3
-
-
7
-
6
-
-
4
9
5
2
1
2
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
7
M
I
N
T
A
K
A
-
-
3
-
-
7
-
6

 

 

7
M
I
N
T
A
K
A
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
5
-
-
-
-
+
=
14
1+4
=
5
=
5
-
-
9
14
-
-
-
-
+
=
23
2+3
=
5
=
5
7
M
I
N
T
A
K
A
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
2
1
2
1
+
=
10
1+0
=
1
=
1
-
13
-
-
20
1
11
1
+
=
46
4+6
=
10
1+0
1
7
M
I
N
T
A
K
A
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
13
9
14
20
1
11
1
+
=
69
6+9
=
15
1+5
6
-
4
9
5
2
1
2
1
+
=
24
2+4
=
6
=
6
7
M
I
N
T
A
K
A
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
2
-
2
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
7
M
I
N
T
A
K
A
-
-
21
-
-
7
-
24
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2+1
-
-
-
-
2+4
7
M
I
N
T
A
K
A
-
-
3
-
-
7
-
6
-
4
9
5
2
1
2
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
M
I
N
T
A
K
A
-
-
3
-
-
7
-
6

 

 

O
=
6
-
6
OSIRIS
89
35
8
I
=
9
-
4
ISIS
56
20
2
O
=
6
-
5
ORION
71
35
8
-
-
21
4
15
Add to Reduce
216
90
18
-
-
2+1
-
1+5
Reduce to Deduce
2+1+6
9+0
1+8
Q
-
3
-
6
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
15
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
I
S
I
S
-
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
1
9
-
9
1
-
9
1
9
1
-
6
-
9
6
5
-
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
`-
15
19
9
-
9
19
-
9
19
9
19
-
15
-
9
15
14
-
+
=
180
1+8+0
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
15
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
I
S
I
S
-
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
+
=
18
1+8
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
`-
-
-
-
18
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
18
-
-
-
-
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
15
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
I
S
I
S
-
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
`-
15
19
9
18
9
19
-
9
19
9
19
-
15
18
9
15
14
-
+
=
216
2+1+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
6
1
9
9
9
1
-
9
1
9
1
-
6
9
9
6
5
-
+
=
90
9+0
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
15
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
I
S
I
S
-
O
R
I
O
N
-
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
4
=
4
=
4
2
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-`
-
-
-
-
-`
-
3
-
-
-
-`
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
=
5
--
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
3
=
18
1+8
9
7
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
7
=
63
6+3
9
24
15
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
I
S
I
S
-
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
-
21
-
-
15
-
90
-
27
2+4
1+5
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
2+1
-
-
1+5
-
9+0
-
2+7
6
6
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
I
S
I
S
-
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
9
-
9
-
-
6
1
9
9
9
1
-
9
1
9
1
-
6
9
9
6
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
6
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
I
S
I
S
-
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
9
-
9

 

 

O
=
6
-
6
OSIRIS
89
35
8
O
=
6
-
5
ORION
71
35
8
-
-
12
4
11
Add to Reduce
160
70
16
-
-
1+2
-
1+1
Reduce to Deduce
1+6+0
7+0
1+6
Q
-
3
-
2
Essence of Number
7
7
7

 

 

-
11
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
1
9
-
9
1
-
6
-
9
6
5
+
=
52
5+2
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
`-
15
19
9
-
9
19
-
15
-
9
15
14
+
=
124
1+2+4
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
11
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
+
=
18
1+8
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
`-
-
-
-
18
-
-
-
-
18
-
-
-
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
11
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
`-
15
19
9
18
9
19
-
15
18
9
15
14
+
=
160
1+6+0
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
-
6
1
9
9
9
1
-
6
9
9
6
5
+
=
70
7+0
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
11
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
O
R
I
O
N
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
2
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-`
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
=
5
--
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
3
=
18
1+8
9
7
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
7
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
5
=
45
4+5
9
24
11
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
21
-
-
15
-
70
-
27
2+4
1+1
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
2+1
-
-
1+5
-
7+0
-
2+7
6
2
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
7
-
9
-
-
6
1
9
9
9
1
-
6
9
9
6
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
2
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
7
-
9

 

 

11
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
6
1
9
-
9
1
-
6
-
9
6
5
+
=
52
5+2
=
7
=
7
=
7
`-
15
19
9
-
9
19
-
15
-
9
15
14
+
=
124
1+2+4
=
7
=
7
=
7
11
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
+
=
18
1+8
=
9
=
9
=
9
`-
-
-
-
18
-
-
-
-
18
-
-
-
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
11
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
`-
15
19
9
18
9
19
-
15
18
9
15
14
+
=
160
1+6+0
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
6
1
9
9
9
1
-
6
9
9
6
5
+
=
70
7+0
=
7
=
7
=
7
11
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
O
R
I
O
N
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
=
5
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
3
=
18
1+8
9
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
5
=
45
4+5
9
11
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
21
-
-
15
-
70
-
27
1+1
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
2+1
-
-
1+5
-
7+0
-
2+7
2
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
7
-
9
-
6
1
9
9
9
1
-
6
9
9
6
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
O
S
I
R
I
S
-
O
R
I
O
N
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
7
-
9

 

 

O
=
6
-
6
ORION OSIRIS
160
70
7
S
=
1
-
-
NOSIS
76
22
4
S
=
1
-
-
SON IS
76
22
4
S
=
1
-
-
IS SON
76
22
4
S
=
1
-
-
NOSIS
76
22
4
O
=
6
-
6
ORION OSIRIS
160
70
7

 

GNOSIS GOD KNOWS THIS THAT THIS KNOWS GOD GNOSIS

 

 

3
THE
33
15
6
6
GOLDEN
57
30
3
6
GIRDLE
55
37
1
15
First Total
145
82
10
1+5
Add to Reduce
1+4+5
8+2
1+0
6
Second Total
10
10
1
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
-
6
Essence of Number
1
1
1

 

 

6
ORIONS
90
36
9
4
BELT
39
12
3
10
First Total
129
48
12
1+0
Add to Reduce
1+2+9
4+8
1+2
1
Second Total
12
12
3
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+2
1+2
-
1
Essence of Number
3
3
3

 

 

6
OSIRIS
89
35
8
2
IS
28
10
1
4
LORD
49
22
4
2
OF
21
12
3
4
TIME
47
20
2
18
First Total
234
99
9
1+8
Add to Reduce
2+3+4
9+9
-
9
Second Total
9
18
9
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
1+8
-
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
10
L
O
R
D
-
O
F
-
T
I
M
E
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
9
-
-
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
15
-
-
-
15
-
-
-
9
-
-
+
=
39
3+9
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
-
10
L
O
R
D
-
O
F
-
T
I
M
E
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
9
4
-
-
6
-
2
-
4
5
+
=
33
3+3
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
-
12
-
18
4
-
-
6
-
20
-
13
5
+
=
78
7+8
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
-
10
L
O
R
D
-
O
F
-
T
I
M
E
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
15
18
4
-
15
6
-
20
9
13
5
+
=
117
1+1+7
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
3
6
9
4
-
6
6
-
2
9
4
5
+
=
54
5+4
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
10
L
O
R
D
-
O
F
-
T
I
M
E
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
2
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
=
5
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
3
=
18
1+8
9
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
16
10
L
O
R
D
-
O
F
-
T
I
M
E
-
-
29
-
-
10
-
54
Q
36
1+6
1+0
-
6
-
-
-
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2+9
-
-
1+0
-
5+4
-
3+6
7
1
L
O
R
D
-
O
F
-
T
I
M
E
-
-
11
-
-
1
-
9
Q
9
-
-
3
6
9
4
-
6
6
-
2
9
4
5
-
-
1+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
1
L
O
R
D
-
O
F
-
T
I
M
E
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
9
-
9

 

 

10
L
O
R
D
-
O
F
-
T
I
M
E
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
9
-
-
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
15
-
-
-
15
-
-
-
9
-
-
+
=
39
3+9
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
10
L
O
R
D
-
O
F
-
T
I
M
E
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
9
4
-
-
6
-
2
-
4
5
+
=
33
3+3
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
12
-
18
4
-
-
6
-
20
-
13
5
+
=
78
7+8
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
10
L
O
R
D
-
O
F
-
T
I
M
E
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
12
15
18
4
-
15
6
-
20
9
13
5
+
=
117
1+1+7
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
3
6
9
4
-
6
6
-
2
9
4
5
+
=
54
5+4
=
9
=
9
=
9
10
L
O
R
D
-
O
F
-
T
I
M
E
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
2
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
=
5
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
3
=
18
1+8
9
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
10
L
O
R
D
-
O
F
-
T
I
M
E
-
-
29
-
-
10
-
54
Q
36
1+0
-
6
-
-
-
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2+9
-
-
1+0
-
5+4
-
3+6
1
L
O
R
D
-
O
F
-
T
I
M
E
-
-
11
-
-
1
-
9
Q
9
-
3
6
9
4
-
6
6
-
2
9
4
5
-
-
1+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
L
O
R
D
-
O
F
-
T
I
M
E
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
9
-
9

 

 

3
LEO
32
14
5
7
REGULUS
103
31
4
10
Add to Reduce
162
45
9
1+0
Reduce to Deduce
1+6+2
4+5
-
1
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

3
THE
33
15
6
13
CONSTELLATION
159
51
6
2
OF
21
12
3
3
LEO
32
14
5
21
First Total
245
92
20
2+1
Add to Reduce
2+4+5
9+2
2+0
3
Second Total
11
11
2
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+1
1+1
-
3
Essence of Number
2
2
2

 

 

L
=
3
4
LION
50
23
5
K
=
2
4
KING
41
23
5
-
-
5
8
First Total
91
46
10
-
-
-
-
Add to Reduce
9+1
4+6
1+0
Q
-
5
8
Second Total
10
10
1
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
5
8
Essence of Number
1
1
1

 

 

5
HORUS
81
27
9

 

 

7
GODSEND
68
32
5

 

 

3
THE
33
15
6
3
GOD
26
17
8
7
PATTERN
94
31
4
13
Add to Reduce
153
63
18
1+3
Reduce to Deduce
1+5+3
6+3
1+8
4
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
-
-
-
3
THE
33
15
6
5
SOLAR
65
29
2
6
SYSTEM
101
38
2
14
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
199
82
10
1+4
-
1+9+9
8+2
1+0
5
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
19
10
1
-
-
1+9
1+0
-
5
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
10
1
1
-
-
1+0
-
-
5
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
1
1
1

 

 

3
SUN
54
9
9
7
MERCURY
103
40
4
5
VENUS
81
18
9
5
EARTH
52
25
7
4
MOON
57
21
3
4
MARS
51
15
6
7
JUPITER
99
36
9
6
SATURN
93
21
3
6
URANUS
94
22
4
7
NEPTUNE
95
32
5
5
PLUTO
84
21
3
59
First Total
863
260
62
5+9
Add to Reduce
8+6+3
2+6
6+2
16
Second Total
17
8
8
1+6
Reduce to Deduce
1+7
-
-
7
Essence of Number
8
8
8

 

 

3
SUN
54
9
9
5
EARTH
52
25
7
4
MOON
57
21
3
12
First Total
163
55
19
1+2
Add to Reduce
1+6+3
5+5
6+2
3
Second Total
10
10
10
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
1+0
3
Essence of Number
7
7
7

 

 

4
GODS
45
18
9
6
SPIRIT
91
37
1
4
ISIS
89
35
8
6
OSIRIS
89
35
8
6
VISHNU
93
30
3
5
SHIVA
59
59
4
7
KRISHNA
80
35
3
7
SHRISTI
102
39
3
5
RISHI
63
36
9
4
ISHI
45
27
9
6
CHRIST
77
32
5

 

 

GODS SPIRIT GODS

ISIS OSIRIS VISHNU SHIVA SHRI KRISHNA SHRISTI RISHI ISHI CHRIST

SING A SONG OF NINES OF NINES A SONG SING

 

 

THE

HALLELUJA CHORUS CHORUS HALLELUJAH

HALLELUJA SEE HORUS HORUS SEE HALLELUJAH

HALLELUJA HOURS OF HORUS HORUS OF HOURS HALLELUJAH

 

 

T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
A
=
1
-
4
AMEN
33
15
6
N
=
5
-
4
NAME
33
15
6
N
=
5
-
5
NAMES
52
16
7
N
=
5
-
7
NAMASTE
73
19
1

 

 

-
7
N
A
M
A
S
T
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
=
-
-
5
-
-
-
1
-
-
+
=
6
-
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
`-
14
-
-
-
19
-
-
+
=
33
3+3
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
7
N
A
M
A
S
T
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
=
-
-
-
1
4
1
-
2
5
+
=
13
1+3
=
4
=
4
=
4
-
`-
-
1
13
1
-
20
5
+
=
40
4+0
=
4
=
4
=
4
-
7
N
A
M
A
S
T
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
=
-
`-
14
1
13
1
19
20
5
+
=
73
7+3
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
-
5
1
4
1
1
2
5
+
=
19
1+9
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
7
N
A
M
A
S
T
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
2
=
10
1+0
1
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
33
7
N
A
M
A
S
T
E
-
-
12
-
-
7
-
19
-
10
3+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+2
-
-
-
-
1+9
-
1+0
6
7
N
A
M
A
S
T
E
-
-
3
-
-
7
-
10
-
1
-
-
5
1
4
1
1
2
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
-
6
7
N
A
M
A
S
T
E
-
-
3
-
-
7
-
1
-
1

 

 

7
N
A
M
A
S
T
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
=
-
5
-
-
-
1
-
-
+
=
6
-
=
6
=
6
=
6
`-
14
-
-
-
19
-
-
+
=
33
3+3
=
6
=
6
=
6
7
N
A
M
A
S
T
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
=
-
-
1
4
1
-
2
5
+
=
13
1+3
=
4
=
4
=
4
`-
-
1
13
1
-
20
5
+
=
40
4+0
=
4
=
4
=
4
7
N
A
M
A
S
T
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
=
`-
14
1
13
1
19
20
5
+
=
73
7+3
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
5
1
4
1
1
2
5
+
=
19
1+9
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
7
N
A
M
A
S
T
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
2
=
10
1+0
1
7
N
A
M
A
S
T
E
-
-
12
-
-
7
-
19
-
10
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+2
-
-
-
-
1+9
-
1+0
7
N
A
M
A
S
T
E
-
-
3
-
-
7
-
10
-
1
-
5
1
4
1
1
2
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
-
7
N
A
M
A
S
T
E
-
-
3
-
-
7
-
1
-
1

 

 

O
=
6
-
6
ORION OSIRIS
160
70
7
S
=
1
-
-
NOSIS
76
22
4
S
=
1
-
-
SON IS
76
22
4
S
=
1
-
-
IS SON
76
22
4
S
=
1
-
-
NOSIS
76
22
4
O
=
6
-
6
ORION OSIRIS
160
70
7

 

GNOSIS GOD KNOWS THIS THAT THIS KNOWS GOD GNOSIS

 

 

4
GODS
45
18
9
6
SPIRIT
91
37
1
4
ISIS
89
35
8
6
OSIRIS
89
35
8
6
VISHNU
93
30
3
5
SHIVA
59
59
4
7
KRISHNA
80
35
3
7
SHRISTI
102
39
3
5
RISHI
63
36
9
4
ISHI
45
27
9
6
CHRIST
77
32
5

 

 

GODS SPIRIT GODS

ISIS OSIRIS VISHNU SHIVA SHRI KRISHNA SHRISTI RISHI ISHI CHRIST

SING A SONG OF NINES OF NINES A SONG SING

 

 

THE

HALLELUJA CHORUS CHORUS HALLELUJAH

HALLELUJA SEE HORUS HORUS SEE HALLELUJAH

HALLELUJA HOURS OF HORUS HORUS OF HOURS HALLELUJAH

 

 

SCHRODINGERS CAT SCHRODINGERS

 

S
=
1
-
12
SCHRODINGERS
139
67
4
C
=
3
-
3
CAT
24
6
6
D
=
4
-
3
DID
17
17
8
C
=
3
-
10
CURIOUSITY
160
52
7
K
=
2
-
4
KILL
44
17
6
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
C
=
3
-
3
CAT
24
6
6
-
-
18
4
38
First Total
441
180
19
-
-
1+8
-
3+8
Add to Reduce
4+4+1
1+8+0
6+2
-
-
9
-
11
Second Total
9
10
10
4
4
-
4
1+1
Reduce to Deduce
-
1+0
1+0
Q
-
9
5
2
Essence of Number
9
7
7

 

 

F
=
6
-
3
FOR
39
21
3
E
=
5
-
5
EVERY
75
30
3
A
=
1
-
6
ACTION
62
26
8
T
=
2
-
5
THERE
56
29
2
I
=
9
-
2
IS
28
19
1
A
=
1
-
2
AN
15
6
6
E
=
5
-
5
EQUAL
56
20
2
A
=
1
-
3
AND
19
10
1
O
=
6
-
8
OPPOSITE
115
43
7
R
=
9
-
8
REACTION
85
40
4
-
-
45
4
46
First Total
550
244
37
-
-
4+5
-
4+6
Add to Reduce
5+5+0
2+4+4
3+7
Q
-
9
-
10
Second Total
10
10
10
-
-
-
4
1+0
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
1+0
-
-
9
5
1
Essence of Number
1
1
1

 

 

GODIS EVERYTHING EVERYTHING ISGOD

THEREFORE I QUESTION I QUESTION I THEREFORE

?

R U GODS I ME I ME I GODS U R

 

 

0
4
ZERO
64
28
1
1
6
ONE
34
16
7
2
2
TWO
58
13
4
3
2
THREE
56
29
2
4
6
FOUR
60
24
6
5
6
FIVE
42
24
6
6
1
SIX
52
16
7
7
1
SEVEN
65
20
2
8
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
9
5
NINE
42
24
6
45
38
Add
522
225
45
4+5
3+8
Reduce
5+2+2
2+2+5
4+5
9
11
Deduce
9
9
9
4+5
3+8
Produce
5+2+2
2+2+5
4+5
9
11
Essence
9
9
9

 

 

0
4
ZERO
64
28
1
1
6
ONE
34
16
7
2
2
TWO
58
13
4
3
2
THREE
56
29
2
4
6
FOUR
60
24
6
5
6
FIVE
42
24
6
6
1
SIX
52
16
7
7
1
SEVEN
65
20
2
8
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
9
5
NINE
42
24
6
45
38
Add
522
225
45
4+5
3+8
Reduce
5+2+2
2+2+5
4+5
9
11
Deduce
9
9
9
4+5
3+8
Produce
5+2+2
2+2+5
4+5
9
11
Essence
9
9
9

 

 

3
THE
33
15
6
3
GOD
26
17
8
7
PATTERN
94
31
4
13
Add to Reduce
153
63
18
1+3
Reduce to Deduce
1+5+3
6+3
1+8
4
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

ARE ARHATS STARS STARS ARHATS ARE

R RATS STARS STARS RATS R

HARD IS THE WAY THE WAY IS HARD

 

 

THE

PATH OF PTAH

THAT ISISIS ISISIS THAT

THAT

THOUGHT

THINKING KINGS KIN ALWAYS DRINKING

THE

WATERS OF LIFE IN ENDLESS CYCLE

THAT

IS

THE WAY THE ONLY WAY

THE

RIVER OF LIFE AND DEATH

THAT THAT THAT

THAT ISISIS ISISIS THAT

NEVER ENDING CYCLE OF CREATIVE LIFE

BORN OUT OF AWARENESS INTO OBLIVION OUT OF OBLIVION INTO AWARENESS

ACTION IN ACTION IN ACTION IN ACTION

CREATORS THOUGHT DIVINE LAW GODS LAW DIVINE THOUGHT CREATORS

 

 

I

ME

A

SELF OF KNOWLEDGE AKNOWLEDGE KNOWLEDGE OF SELF

THAT

I ME I SELF I ME I

IS

KNOWLEDGE

OF NO SELF AT ALL

 

 

-
6
O
R
I
E
N
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
9
-
5
-
+
=
20
2+0
=
2
=
2
-
2
-
`-
15
-
9
-
14
-
+
=
38
3+8
=
11
1+1
2
-
2
-
6
O
R
I
E
N
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
5
-
2
+
=
16
1+6
=
7
=
7
-
7
-
`-
-
18
-
5
-
20
+
=
43
4+3
=
7
=
7
-
7
-
6
O
R
I
E
N
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
`-
15
18
9
5
14
20
+
=
81
8+1
=
9
=
9
-
9
-
-
6
9
9
5
5
2
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
-
9
-
6
O
R
I
E
N
T
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
2
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
-
2
3
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
2
=
10
1+0
1
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
-
6
7
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
23
6
O
R
I
E
N
T
-
-
22
-
-
6
-
36
-
187
2+3
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
2+2
-
-
-
-
3+6
-
1+8
5
6
O
R
I
E
N
T
-
-
4
-
-
6
-
9
-
9
-
-
6
9
9
5
5
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
O
R
I
E
N
T
-
-
4
-
-
6
-
9
-
9

 

 

6
O
R
I
E
N
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
9
-
5
-
+
=
20
2+0
=
2
=
2
-
2
`-
15
-
9
-
14
-
+
=
38
3+8
=
11
1+1
2
-
2
6
O
R
I
E
N
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
5
-
2
+
=
16
1+6
=
7
=
7
-
7
`-
-
18
-
5
-
20
+
=
43
4+3
=
7
=
7
-
7
6
O
R
I
E
N
T
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
`-
15
18
9
5
14
20
+
=
81
8+1
=
9
=
9
-
9
-
6
9
9
5
5
2
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
-
9
6
O
R
I
E
N
T
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
2
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
-
2
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
2
=
10
1+0
1
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
-
6
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
6
O
R
I
E
N
T
-
-
22
-
-
6
-
36
-
187
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
2+2
-
-
-
-
3+6
-
1+8
6
O
R
I
E
N
T
-
-
4
-
-
6
-
9
-
9
-
6
9
9
5
5
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
O
R
I
E
N
T
-
-
4
-
-
6
-
9
-
9

 

 

-
11
O
R
I
E
N
T
A
T
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
9
-
5
-
-
-
9
6
5
+
=
40
4+0
=
4
-
4
-
4
-
`-
15
-
9
-
14
-
-
-
9
15
14
+
=
76
7+6
=
13
1+3
4
-
4
-
11
O
R
I
E
N
T
A
T
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
5
-
2
1
2
-
-
-
+
=
19
1+9
=
10
1+0
1
-
1
-
`-
-
18
-
5
-
20
1
20
-
-
-
+
=
64
6+4
=
10
1+0
1
-
1
-
11
O
R
I
E
N
T
A
T
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
`-
15
18
9
5
14
20
1
20
9
15
14
+
=
140
1+4+0
=
5
-
5
-
5
-
-
6
9
9
5
5
2
1
2
9
6
5
+
=
59
5+9
=
14
1+4
5
-
5
-
11
O
R
I
E
N
T
A
T
I
O
N
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
-
1
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
2
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
-
4
3
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
2
=
12
1+2
3
7
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
3
=
27
2+7
9
22
11
O
R
I
E
N
T
A
T
I
O
N
-
-
23
-
-
11
-
59
-
23
2+2
1+1
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
2+3
-
-
1+1
-
5+9
-
2+3
4
2
O
R
I
E
N
T
A
T
I
O
N
-
-
5
-
-
2
-
14
-
5
-
-
6
9
9
5
5
2
2
2
9
6
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
4
2
O
R
I
E
N
T
A
T
I
O
N
-
-
5
-
-
2
-
5
-
5

 

 

11
O
R
I
E
N
T
A
T
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
9
-
5
-
-
-
9
6
5
+
=
40
4+0
=
4
-
4
-
4
`-
15
-
9
-
14
-
-
-
9
15
14
+
=
76
7+6
=
13
1+3
4
-
4
11
O
R
I
E
N
T
A
T
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
5
-
2
1
2
-
-
-
+
=
19
1+9
=
10
1+0
1
-
1
`-
-
18
-
5
-
20
1
20
-
-
-
+
=
64
6+4
=
10
1+0
1
-
1
11
O
R
I
E
N
T
A
T
I
O
N
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
`-
15
18
9
5
14
20
1
20
9
15
14
+
=
140
1+4+0
=
5
-
5
-
5
-
6
9
9
5
5
2
1
2
9
6
5
+
=
59
5+9
=
14
1+4
5
-
5
11
O
R
I
E
N
T
A
T
I
O
N
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
-
1
-
-
3
-
-
-
2
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
-
4
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
2
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
3
=
27
2+7
9
11
O
R
I
E
N
T
A
T
I
O
N
-
-
23
-
-
11
-
59
-
23
1+1
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
2+3
-
-
1+1
-
5+9
-
2+3
2
O
R
I
E
N
T
A
T
I
O
N
-
-
5
-
-
2
-
14
-
5
-
6
9
9
5
5
2
2
2
9
6
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
2
O
R
I
E
N
T
A
T
I
O
N
-
-
5
-
-
2
-
5
-
5

 

 

6
ORIENT
81
36
9
11
ORIENTATION
140
59
5

 

 

26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
+
=
43
4+3
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
14
15
-
-
-
19
-
-
-
-
24
-
26
+
=
115
1+1+5
=
7
=
7
=
7
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
-
1
2
3
4
-
-
7
8
9
-
2
3
4
5
-
7
-
+
=
83
8+3
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
-
10
11
12
13
-
-
16
17
18
-
20
21
22
23
-
25
-
+
=
236
2+3+6
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
+
=
351
3+5+1
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
+
=
126
1+2+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
2
occurs
x
3
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
3
occurs
x
3
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
+
=
4
occurs
x
3
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
+
=
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
+
=
6
occurs
x
3
=
18
1+8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
+
=
7
occurs
x
3
=
21
2+1
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
+
=
8
occurs
x
3
=
24
2+4
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
45
-
-
26
-
126
-
54
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
-
2+6
-
1+2+6
-
5+4
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
9
-
-
8
-
9
-
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
9
-
-
8
-
9
-
9

 

 

Shakespeare Quotes - Such Stuff as Dreams Are Made on.
www.enotes.com/shakespeare-quotes/we-such-stuff-dreams-made

The Tempest Act 4, scene 1, William Shakespeare

Prospero:
Our revels now are ended. These our actors,
As I foretold you, were all spirits, and
Are melted into air, into thin air:
And like the baseless fabric of this vision,
The cloud-capp'd tow'rs, the gorgeous palaces,
The solemn temples, the great globe itself,
Yea, all which it inherit, shall dissolve,
And, like this insubstantial pageant faded,
Leave not a rack behind. We are such stuff
As dreams are made on; and our little life
Is rounded with a sleep.

 

William Shakespeare ( 26 April 1564 (baptised) – 23 April 1616)
was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English ...

 

W
=
5
-
2
WE
28
10
1
A
=
1
-
3
ARE
24
15
6
S
=
1
-
4
SUCH
51
15
6
S
=
1
-
5
STUFF
72
18
9
A
=
1
-
2
AS
20
2
2
D
=
4
-
6
DREAMS
60
24
6
A
=
1
-
3
ARE
24
15
6
M
=
4
-
4
MADE
23
14
5
O
=
6
-
2
ON
15
6
6
A
=
1
-
3
AND
19
10
1
O
=
6
-
3
OUR
54
18
9
L
=
3
-
6
LITTLE
78
24
6
L
=
3
-
4
LIFE
32
23
5
I
=
9
-
2
IS
28
10
1
R
=
9
-
7
ROUNDED
81
36
9
W
=
5
-
4
WITH
60
24
6
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
S
=
1
-
5
SLEEP
57
21
3
-
-
62
Q
66
First Total
741
291
84
-
-
6+2
-
6+6
Add to Reduce
7+4+1
2+9+1
8+4
-
-
8
-
12
Second Total
12
12
12
-
-
-
-
1+2
Reduce to Deduce
1+2
1+2
1+2
-
-
8
-
3
Essence of Number
3
3
3

 

 

The Four Quartets

Burnt Norton

T. S. Eliot

I

"Time present and time past
Are both perhaps present in time future
And time future contained in time past."

 

 

T
=
2
-
4
TIME
47
20
2
P
=
7
-
7
PRESENT
97
34
7
A
=
1
-
3
AND
19
10
1
T
=
2
-
4
TIME
47
20
2
P
=
7
-
4
PAST
56
11
2
A
=
1
-
3
ARE
24
15
6
B
=
2
-
4
BOTH
45
18
9
P
=
7
-
7
PERHAPS
83
38
2
P
=
7
-
7
PRESENT
97
34
7
I
=
9
-
2
IN
23
14
5
T
=
2
-
4
TIME
47
20
2
F
=
6
-
6
FUTURE
91
28
1
A
=
1
-
3
AND
19
10
1
T
=
2
-
4
TIME
47
20
2
F
=
6
-
6
FUTURE
91
28
1
C
=
3
-
9
CONTAINED
85
40
4
I
=
9
-
2
IN
23
14
5
T
=
2
-
4
TIME
47
20
2
P
=
7
-
4
PAST
56
11
2
-
-
83
-
87
First Total
1044
405
63
-
-
8+3
-
8+7
Add to Reduce
1+0+4+4
4+0+5
6+3
-
-
11
-
15
Second Total
9
9
9
-
-
1+1
-
1+5
Reduce to Deduce
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
6
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

.....

 

THE MAGIC MOUNTAIN

Thomas Mann 1924

Page 706

THE

THUNDERBOLT

 

 

THE MAGIC MOUNTAIN

Thomas Mann 1875-1955

Page 466

"Had not the normal, since time was, lived on the achievements of the abnormal? Men consciously and voluntarily descended into disease and madness, in search of knowledge which, acquired by fanaticism, would lead back to health; after the possession and use of it had ceased to be conditioned by that heroic and abnormal act of sacrifice. That was the true death on the cross, the true Atonement."

 

 

HOLY BIBLE

Scofield References

St John Chapter 3 verse 3 A.D. 30.

Page 1117

Jesus answered and said unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born again, He cannot see the kingdom of God.

 

 

IN SEARCH OF THE MIRACULOUS

Fragments of an Unknown Teaching

P.D.Oupensky 1878- 1947

Page 217

" 'A man may be born, but in order to be born he must first die, and in order to die he must first awake.' "
" 'When a man awakes he can die; when he dies he can be born' " Thus spake the prophet Gurdjieff.

 

 

THE MAGIC MOUNTAIN

Thomas Mann 1924

Page 496

" There is both rhyme and reason in what I say, I have made a dream poem of humanity.

I will cling to it. I will be good. I will let death have no mastery over my thoughts.

For therein lies goodness and love of humankind, and in nothing else."

Page 496 / 497

"Love stands opposed to death. It is love, not reason, that is stronger than death . Only love, not reason, gives sweet thoughts. And from love and sweetness alone can form come: form and civilisation, friendly and enlightened , beautiful human intercourse-always in silent recognition of the blood-sacrifice. Ah, yes, it is it is well and truly dreamed. I have taken stock I will keep faith with death in my heart, yet well remember that faith with death and the dead is evil, is hostile to mankind, so soon as we give it power over thought and action.

For the sake of goodness and love, man shall let death have no sovereignty over his thoughts.
- And with this -I awake. For I have dreamed it out to the end, I have come to my goal."

 

THE DIE IS NOW CAST NOW CAST IS THE DIE

 

 

LOVE EVOLVE LOVE EVOLVE LOVE

9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

LOVE EVOLVE LOVE EVOLVE LOVE

LOVE EVOLVE LOVE EVOLVE LOVE

9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

LOVE EVOLVE LOVE EVOLVE LOVE

LOVE EVOLVE LOVE EVOLVE LOVE

9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

LOVE EVOLVE LOVE EVOLVE LOVE

 

 

ORACLE

973-eht-namuh-973

by sirjon77 » Tue Feb 14, 2012 7:36 pm

Hannah, can you hear me? Wherever you are, look up, Hannah.

The clouds are lifting. The sun is breaking through.

We are coming out of the darkness into the light.

We are coming into a new world, a kindlier world, where men will rise above their hate, their greed and brutality.

Look up, Hannah. The soul of man has been given wings, and at last he is beginning to fly.

He is flying into the rainbow - into the light of hope, into the future, the

glorious future that belongs to you, to me, and to all of us. Look up, Hannah. Look up

 

 

 

 

OUT OF ZERO COMETH ONE

 

 

THE LOST LANGUAGE OF SYMBOLISM

Harold Bayley

The Lost Language of Symbolism: An Inquiry into the Origin of Certain Letters,

Words, Names, Fairy-Tales, Folklore, and Mythologies. 2 vol. 1912

Page 41

"Mysticism has universally taught that every man has within himself the germs or seeds of Divinity, and that by self-conquest these sparks of Heaven may be fanned into a flame, the flame into a fire, the fire into a star, and the star into a sun."

 

 

MYSTICISM HAS UNIVERSALLY TAUGHT

THAT EVERYONE HAS WITHIN THEMSELVES THE GERMS OR SEEDS OF DIVINITY

AND THAT BY SELF CONQUEST THESE SPARKS OF HEAVEN MAY BE FANNED INTO A FLAME

THE FLAME INTO A FIRE THE FIRE INTO A STAR AND THE STAR INTO A SUN

 

 

ADDED TO ALL MINUS NONE SHARED BY EVERYTHING MULTIPLIED IN ABUNDANCE

 

 

THE LOST LANGUAGE OF SYMBOLISM

Harold Bayley

The Lost Language of Symbolism: An Inquiry into the Origin of Certain Letters,

Words, Names, Fairy-Tales, Folklore, and Mythologies. 2 vol. 1912

INTRODUCTION

Page 11

"... Although etymologists are agreed that language is fossil poetry and that the creation of every word was originally a poem embodying a bold metaphor or a bright conception, it is quite unrealised how close and intimate a relation exists between symbolism and philology. But, as Renouf points out, " It is not improbable that the cat, in Egyptian Mau, became the symbol of the Sun-God or Day, because the word Mau also means light." 1 Renouf likewise notes that not only was RA the name of the Sun-God, but that it was also the usual Egyptian word for Sun. Similarly the Goose, one of the symbols of SEB, was called a Seb ; the Crocodile, one of the symbols of SEBEK, was called a Sebek; the Ibis, one of the symbols of TECHU, was called a Techu ; and the Jackal, one of the symbols of ANPU (ANUBIS), was called an Anpu.
Parallels to this Egyptian custom are also traceable in Europe, where, among the Greeks, the word Psyche served not only to denote the Soul but also the Butterfly, a symbol of the Soul; and the word Mylitta served both as the name of a Goddess and of her symbol the Bee. Among the ancient Scandinavians the Bull, one of the symbols of THOR, was named a Thor, this being an example, according to Dr Alexander \Vilder, " of the punning so common in those times, often making us uncertain whether the accident of similar name or sound led to adoption as a symbol or was merely a blunder." 2
I was unaware that there was any ancient warrant for what I supposed to be the novel supposition that in many / Page12 / instances the names of once-sacred animals contain within themselves the key to what was originally symbolised. The idea that identities of name were primarily due to punning, to blunder, or to accident, must be dispelled when we find that-as in most of the examples noted by myself -the symbolic value of the animal is not expressed by a homonym or pun, but in monosyllables that apparently are the debris of some marvellously ancient, prehistoric, almost extinct parent tongue. Modern language is a mosaic in which lie embedded the chips and fossils of predecessors in comparison with whose vast antiquity Sanscrit is but a speech of yesterday. In its glacier-like progress, Language must have brought down along the ages the detritus of tongues that were spoken possibly millions of years before the art of recording by writing was discovered, but which, notwithstanding, were indelibly inscribed and faithfully preserved in the form of mountain, river, and country names. Empires may disappear and nations be sunk into oblivion under successive waves of invasion, but place names and proper names, preserved traditionally by word of mouth, remain to some extent inviolate; and it is, I am convinced, in this direction that one must look for the hypothetical mother-tongue of the hypothetical people, known nowadays as "Aryans. "

Page 11. Notes.1 On the Origin and Growth of Religion as Illustrated by the Religion 0/
Ancient Egypt, p. 237 ; Hibbcrt Lectures, p. 879. 2 Symbolical Language of Ancient Arl and Mythology, R. Payne-Knight, P.124.

 

 

SOME MYSTICAL ADVENTURES

G, R, S. Mead 1910

XIII

ON THE ART OF SYMBOLISM.

Page 180

"The Mind of the Father hath sown symbols through tbe world."

THE CHALDAEAN ORACLES.

" MANY people talk vaguely about symbols and some are really interested in symbolism; but even of those who may happen to possess a little learning on the subject, how few are there who, if they turn and really face themselves and there is no audience to play to, can say they have got to the heart of the matter, or know how rightly to seize the proteus whose changing forms they are ever grasping at, and so force it to speak true words?
I, for my part, freely admit that I am as yet far from the real heart of the matter. I cannot yet hold the proteus steady and force it to speak true words of power; but there is joy in the game of catch-as-can-catch, and I am game for a short bout; though doubtless, as of yore, the wily one will change into something I have never thought of before, and I shall have no grip in mind to hold him.

Page 181

'Symbol' is no native name; it is a Greek importation (symbolon), and its root-meaning is said to be a sign, or token, by which one knows or infers a thing. The utterance of this word should awaken in us the idea of putting together (sym-ballein), with the notion (in the passive) of to correspond and to tally. But to put together is to compare, and so to compare one's own opinion with facts, and hence to conclude, infer, conjecture, interpret; and it is from this last meaning that, the wisdom of the word-books tells us, we get the meaning of symbol as a sign, or token, by which one knows or infers a thing.
I am afraid that we have not yet grasped our proteus amid all these changing forms of words. A symbol is a sign, but that again is a Latin importation (signum), and we may pass it by. A symbol is a token; that is good English. Token is connected with to teach, to point out, show, witness; to betoken is to be a symbol of.
But words will not help us much; they are forms of speech that are ever slipping away into other forms. A symbol is not a word; it is something more fundamental; in its proper meaning it is something almost more primitive than an ideogram, or type-picture. Let us go in search of the idea-the living idea, not some abstract inference-the fulness, not the flat.
If there is a 'flat-land' as compared with a / Page 182 / three-dimensional land, may we not think of symbol-language as a three-dimensional language, so to speak, when compared with the' flat' languages of ordinary speech? Or, to use these words in a deeper meaning, speech in its most primitive mode is action, and so symbolic action, or drama, might be said to be the true symbol­language. This symbol - or three-dimensional language is closely connected with ceremony. And ceremony (Lat. eeremonia) is a word formed on a stem that grows from the root ere (as in creo, I make, create), which is of the same origin as the Sanskrit kri (as in karma, action, doing). A ceremony is a sacred rite; that is, it is typical, and as such should be of creative potency, for as the Chaldaean Oracle has it: "The Mind of the Father hath sown symbols through the world." That which is typical is ideal, for type and idea are synonyms.
Are we now getting any nearer the heart of the matter? Are we beginning to make our symbols alive? Can we afford to dismiss any
true symbol with the dull remark: "It's only a symbol"? The universe itself is a symbol; man is a symbol.
Even in their lowest strata symbols are the ' out-lines,' so to say, of three-dimensional objects from some point of view, seen from one side or another; and' out-line' in its inner meaning is / Page 183 / intimately connected with idea; it is, as it were, a ground-plan.
Now as symbols in this sense have to do with ideas and types, are connected with the living side of things, it is not possible to interpret a symbol in one set fashion only and tie it down to one set form. We cannot make an 'exact science' of symbolism; it is initiatory rather than didactic; it 'starts' one towards living ideas, it does not peg us out in some rigid configuration.
So that if it is asked, how does one know that this or that is the right interpretation of any particular symbol, it is exceedingly difficult, if not impossible, to prove it in the way of physical demonstration. If the interpretation really fits, there will be a response within. It will be a living response; not the imprisoning of the mind in a dead form. In the interpretation of symbols we must be prepared to give up exactness, in the way it is generally understood, and allow our minds free play. At the beginning it is best to use any hint that seems to promise well; first apply it in every direction, then as soon as ever it has led to another clue, throw it away.
In learning the great language of symbols it is necessary to keep the mind ever free, plastic, and adaptable. If we persist in keeping stuck in the old ruts, we shall never learn the meaning / Page 184 / of symbols. The beauty of great symbols is the infinite variety of their modes of interpretation. To think there is only one definite interpretation for each symbol is to paralyse one's symbol-mind, and make it fall dead and flat into the superficial. One should play with symbols as a mathematician plays with numbers; symbols are the playthings of the gods. And I think the secret of interpreting symbols is to get the symbol first into one's mind, and not one's mind into the symbol.
The mind should not be allowed to relate itself to the symbol, should not allow itself to be attracted by the picture into going out of itself and crystallising itself into one form; but the symbol should rather be compelled to relate itself to the mind. It should be taken into the mind, and then the mind will be able to see it from every side and grasp it as a whole.
Symbol-language has its letters and its words, and the above may be suggested as a method of learning the alphabet. But symbol-language is not the same thing quite as symbolical language, nor is it to be confused with metaphorical language. Metaphor is transferring the meaning of one word to another in ordinary speech. It is exceedingly important, quite a mystic art, a sort of game of 'general post' among the ideas connected with words.
A metaphor gives a meaning that is not to be / Page 185 / understood literally, or according to the face­value of the letters as we know them, but a reading of root-ideas, as it were, abstracting or subtracting the substance from them. That is to say, we take away the substance that built the idea and keep the idea, and then expand it and spread it out cosmically in every direction. Metaphors may be said to be more connected with substance, symbols with spirit.
Symbols should be ' eaten' and' digested,' so to say. Triangles and svastikas, for instance, might be said to be symbols which, when gazed upon in an ecstatic state of mind-that is, taken within and contemplated-nourish the body of essence; if made alive they create pleasing sensations in it, stimulate, feed, and excite it, rearrange all its activities, alter the currents in it and build it. All great symbols are said to do this-that is, all cosmic symbols or forms that are directly related to things-that-are. These cosmic symbols suggest modes of creative energies; when creative powers act they draw certain patterns and plans and not others; and these patterns, types, and ideas are cosmic symbols, and it is by ecstatically gazing at them, that they nourish our root-substance and so enform it cosmically, or in a harmonious or orderly fashion.
Symbols are toys in the great game. We / Page 186 / should thus learn to play with symbols in the true Kindergarten, the' everlasting revelling­place '-the essential substance that is our nursery and our cradle, and our womb for birth into greater things. But this game is a living thing; we should make symbols act; we learn little while we keep them steady. A true symbol should be ever in motion. Nor should we be satisfied till we can glide from one symbol to another. While we think of symbols as dead detached objects cut off from one another, and bearing no relation to each other, we shall know nothing. We should play with them, draw them or picture them from every stand­point, till we catch fresh glimpses every moment.
Let us think of one great world-body ever in motion; all true symbols may be said to be attempts to snapshot this object in motion. They are like separate films for a cinemato­graph; the great difficulty is to get them in their right sequence and make them pass in procession before the inner eye. If we could manage to do this and obtain the right sequence for a moment, then we should get in touch with some real living ideas. But the right grouping of the symbols is essential. However, the more we practise, the better we guess, the faster will the real ideas come. It is perhaps the greatest of arts-the true practice of the / Page 187 / art of symbolism. We can do it with our minds, with our eyes, with our bodies. Indeed if we could act this continuity between symbols, we should, it is said, breathe in ideas with every movement of the essential body; but this is far more difficult than practising with our minds.
Of course all this applies only to true symbols; many things called symbols are distorted or false appearances. No signs, no symbols, are worth anything unless they signify facts; that is to say, unless they represent transformations which will be experienced when inner vision develops.
A true symbol is something capable of con­taining life. It is never of any arbitrary shape. It must be, or it will never convey living ideas. Symbols, I believe, are not given to make us think in the ordinary sense; their main use is to convey life to our life and bring about a union. Their real use is to convey life of such power that it is capable of actually making an impression, or depression, upon the substance with which the higher mind is connected. They are the link between thought and action. Symbolism is connected with sigils, signatures, characters, types, in their root-meanings, with all the nomenclature connected with the im­pression of ideas on substance.
Before a man is capable of causing his subtle / Pagee 188 / substance to go through all these transformations, * or metamorphoses, at which we have hinted, before these' initiations '-beginnings or startings-can really take place in the root­matter of his vehicles, it is possible for the transformations actually to take place in symbol in his higher mind of ideation. And this is a very desirable thing. To accomplish it in body is doubtless possible for a few only; but to accomplish it in mind is possible for many more. It is not dangerous, and it is a great developer of mental capacity.
It is a method of contemplation. The symbol­learner should strive to get the mind quite still; to get the idea of the mind being as it were a sea of subtle substance. He must not think discursively; must not space out separatE.? symbols and look at them one after the other; but try to 'feel' the mind-substance being moulded.

Page 189

If, for instance, he think of 'potter' and , clay,' he should try to imagine the substance of the mind being moulded from one to the other continuously backwards and forwards, and watch them grow within himself. When practising symbols we should never' objectivise' or project; we should rather' feel' them grow within, and then an occasional idea may flash through.
It is, however, not desirable to pay too much attention to these ideas, for noticing them immediately transfers the consciousness to another' plane' of mind; for though this practice is a mental one it is not in itself a , science.' It is better to notice the ideas that flash forth just sufficiently to record them on the memory-plate, so that they can be used later when the tranquillity of mind that is the essential condition of the practice, has been left.
The world-body, or great surround, or essence­envelope, of every man may be thought of as, so to speak, the L.C. M., or rather G.C.M., of all symbols. It is a useful practice to play with spheres and circles and conic sections, and so try to get ideas along these lines. It is quite credible that it is possible to resolve every symbol into an 'attitude,' so to say, or 'action,' or rather' activity,' of this world-body, and / Page 190 / so connect and link up all symbols by means of this world-soul, which is soul and body also.
This world-body may be said to be our way out of manhood into the cosmos; and so also is the art of symbolism the way out of men's language into the language of the gods. Root­symbols may be regarded as fundamental lines and curves which carry with them certain powers and certain meanings, and these lines and curves are to be found in every science and art of men. They are, from this standpoint, the roots from which all sciences and arts grow, the foundations on which they are built, the gates forth to greater worlds.
It is not, however, to be supposed that such symbolism is the end of the matter; by no means. It is introductory to the linking of Mind on to this world-body. Symbols are, so to say, snapshots of the self-motivity of this world-body; they teach concerning its breath­ing, concerning the pulsing of its heart.
And even as we can get from art to science or gnosis by means of symbols, so can we get from mind to mind and from Person to Person, - not personality, but the Higher Person or Mind.
But this world-body does not mean a mass of some vast size. This world-body has no definite size; it breathes and is a different size for every mode of breath. It is a node, rather. It is an / Page 191 / ' atom' ordered according to the greater cosmos; and in the greater cosmos the mystics say all things are the same size, or all things are any size, or, again, there is no such thing as size. It does not count in the greater consciousness, any more than we think of the' size' of our breath; though from another point of view, mystically considered, the objective worlds of size are in the breath of the Gods; they breathe and the worlds act, but the Gods do not consider their size.
It might thus be said that every man's world­body is the same size. They are all exactly alike; each is an 'atom,' each is a scale. It is our Great Person or Higher Self that decides what key the scale is in. This means that our Divine Word relates our group of 'letters,' or ' sounds,' or 'planets,' on to something further, and gives them a peculiar meaning of their own. Yet every world-body consists of the same letters, the same groups of sounds, otherwise the Holy Confraternity would be an impossibility.
All this is intimately connected with the mystery of Spirit or Divine Breath; so that when a man's mind is capable of being' fired' with Spirit, it can immediately mould and form
his substance into symbols. It is this power of continually forming man's substance into symbols which brings with it the power of understanding, / Page 192 / for symbols may be said to be the link between substance and Spirit.
It should be noted in this connection, that this language of symbols does not teach us about reincarnation; it is not on that side of things, and this interpretation cannot be forced upon it. Reincarnation is connected with the mind of man, and can be talked about in words; symbols depict the activities of Life in the man's world-body, and are not concerned with death, or form in activity, and the experiences of little persons.
Symbols have rather to do with that which is aeonian, or age-long. A true symbol must be of world-wide experience and age-long ex­perience; it must not be local or temporary.
Thus the only way to control the proteus of symbolism is by becoming him, and so keeping pace with every change, transformation, or metamorphosis; and if one is not as yet strong enough to grip the heart of the matter, at any rate it is something to know the futility of trying to get a true hold by grasping at this or that fleeting appearance.

Page 188. Notes. * The earliest redactor of the Naassene Document writes: "And the Chaldreans say that Soul is very difficult to discover and hard to understand; for it never remains of the same appearance, or form, or in the same state, so that one can describe it by a general type, or comprehend it by an essential quality." On this the Church Father Hippolytus comments, referring to the N aassenes, or Disciples of the Serpent of Wisdom: "These variegated metamorphoses they have laid down in the Gospel super­scribed 'According to the Egyptians.''' (See Thrice­greatest Hermes, i. 150.)

 

 

4
SIGN
49
22
4
3
AND
19
10
1
6
SYMBOL
86
23
5
13
First Total
154
55
10
1+3
Add to Reduce
1+5+4
5+5
1+0
4
Second Total
10
10
1
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
-
4
Essence of Number
1
1
1

 

 

S
=
1
4
SIGN
49
22
4
S
=
1
6
SYMBOL
86
23
5
``-
-
2
10
-
135
45
9
-
-
-
1+0
-
1+3+5
4+5
-
-
-
2
1
-
9
9
9

 

 

-
10
S
I
G
N
-
S
Y
M
B
O
L
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
9
-
5
-
1
-
-
-
6
-
+
=
22
2+2
=
4
=
4
=
4
-
-
19
9
-
14
-
19
-
-
-
15
-
+
=
76
7+6
=
13
1+3
4
=
4
-
10
S
I
G
N
-
S
Y
M
B
O
L
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
7
4
2
-
3
+
=
23
2+3
=
5
=
5
=
5
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
25
13
2
-
12
+
=
59
5+9
=
14
1+4
5
=
5
-
10
S
I
G
N
-
S
Y
M
B
O
L
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
19
9
7
14
-
19
25
13
2
15
12
+
=
135
1+3+5
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
1
9
7
5
-
1
7
4
2
6
3
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
10
S
I
G
N
-
S
Y
M
B
O
L
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
=
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
2
=
14
1+4
5
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
8
10
S
I
G
N
-
S
Y
M
B
O
L
-
-
37
-
-
10
-
45
-
36
-
1+0
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3+7
-
-
1+0
-
4+5
-
3+6
8
1
S
I
G
N
-
S
Y
M
B
O
L
-
-
9
-
-
1
-
9
-
9
-
-
1
9
7
5
-
1
7
4
2
6
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
1
S
I
G
N
-
S
Y
M
B
O
L
-
-
9
-
-
1
-
9
-
9

 

 

10
S
I
G
N
-
S
Y
M
B
O
L
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
9
-
5
-
1
-
-
-
6
-
+
=
22
2+2
=
4
=
4
=
4
-
19
9
-
14
-
19
-
-
-
15
-
+
=
76
7+6
=
13
1+3
4
=
4
10
S
I
G
N
-
S
Y
M
B
O
L
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
7
4
2
-
3
+
=
23
2+3
=
5
=
5
=
5
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
25
13
2
-
12
+
=
59
5+9
=
14
1+4
5
=
5
10
S
I
G
N
-
S
Y
M
B
O
L
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
19
9
7
14
-
19
25
13
2
15
12
+
=
135
1+3+5
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
1
9
7
5
-
1
7
4
2
6
3
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
=
9
=
9
10
S
I
G
N
-
S
Y
M
B
O
L
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
=
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
2
=
14
1+4
5
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
10
S
I
G
N
-
S
Y
M
B
O
L
-
-
37
-
-
10
-
45
-
36
1+0
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3+7
-
-
1+0
-
4+5
-
3+6
1
S
I
G
N
-
S
Y
M
B
O
L
-
-
9
-
-
1
-
9
-
9
-
1
9
7
5
-
1
7
4
2
6
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
S
I
G
N
-
S
Y
M
B
O
L
-
-
9
-
-
1
-
9
-
9

 

 

--
-
-
-
-
FORM IN FORM
--
-
-
F
=
6
-
4
FORM
52
25
7
I
=
9
-
2
IN
23
14
5
F
=
6
-
4
FORM
52
25
7
-
-
21
-
10
FORM IN FORM
127
64
19
-
-
2+1
-
1+0
-
1+2+7
6+4
1+9
-
-
3
-
1
FORM IN FORM
10
10
10
-
-
--
-
-
-
1+0
1+0
1+0
-
-
3
-
1
FORM IN FORM
1
1
1

 

 

Know thyself - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Know_thyself

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... was inscribed in the pronaos (forecourt) of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi ... In the Inner Temple, one of the many proverbs is "Man, know thyself ... and thou shalt ... lists six dialogues which discuss or explore the saying of Delphi: 'know thyself. .... Dempsey, T., Delphic Oracle: Its Early History, Influence & Fall, Oxford : B.H. ...

 

 

Delphi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delphi

Jump to Dedication to Apollo?: The Temple of Apollo, viewed from below the eastern end. ... The Homeric name of the oracle is Pytho (????). ... temple were three phrases: ????? sea?t?? (gnothi seautón = "know thyself") and µ?d?? ??a? ...

Delphi ( /'d?lfa?/ or /'d?lfi/; Greek: ?e?f??, [ðel'fi])[1] is both an archaeological site and a modern town in Greece on the south-western spur of Mount Parnassus in the valley of Phocis.

In Greek mythology, Delphi was the site of the Delphic oracle, the most important oracle in the classical Greek world, and a major site for the worship of the god Apollo after he slew the Python, a dragon who lived there and protected the navel of the Earth. Python (derived from the verb pythein, "to rot") is claimed by some to be the original name of the site in recognition of the Python that Apollo defeated.[2] The Homeric Hymn to Delphic Apollo recalled that the ancient name of this site had been Krisa.[3]

Apollo's sacred precinct in Delphi was a panhellenic sanctuary, where every four years, starting in 776 BC[4] athletes from all over the Greek world competed in the Pythian Games, one of the four panhellenic (or stephanitic) games, precursors of the Modern Olympics. The victors at Delphi were presented with a laurel crown (stephanos) which was ceremonially cut from a tree by a boy who re-enacted the slaying of the Python.[4] Delphi was set apart from the other games sites because it hosted the mousikos agon, musical competitions.[2]

These Pythian Games rank second among the four stephanitic games chronologically and based on importance.[4] These games, though, were different from the games at Olympia in that they were not of such vast importance to the city of Delphi as the games at Olympia were to the area surrounding Olympia. Delphi would have been a renowned city whether or not it hosted these games; it had other attractions that led to it being labeled the "omphalos" (navel) of the earth, in other words, the center of the world.[5]

In the inner hestia ("hearth") of the Temple of Apollo, an eternal flame burned. After the battle of Plataea, the Greek cities extinguished their fires and brought new fire from the hearth of Greece, at Delphi; in the foundation stories of several Greek colonies, the founding colonists were first dedicated at Delphi.[6]

Location

The site of Delphi is located in lower central Greece, on multiple plateaux/terraces along the slope of Mount Parnassus, and includes the Sanctuary of Apollo, the site of the ancient Oracle. This semicircular spur is known as Phaedriades, and overlooks the Pleistos Valley.

Southwest of Delphi, about 15 km (9.3 mi) away, is the harbor-city of Kirrha on the Corinthian Gulf. Delphi was thought of by the Greeks as the middle of the entire Earth.

[edit] Dedication to Apollo

DEDICATION TO APOLLO

The name Delphoi comes from the same root as de?f?? delphys, "womb" and may indicate archaic veneration of Gaia, Grandmother Earth, and the Earth Goddess at the site.[7][8] Apollo is connected with the site by his epithet ?e?f????? Delphinios, "the Delphinian". The epithet is connected with dolphins (Greek de?f??,-????) in the Homeric Hymn to Apollo (line 400), recounting the legend of how Apollo first came to Delphi in the shape of a dolphin, carrying Cretan priests on his back. The Homeric name of the oracle is Pytho (????).[9]

Another legend held that Apollo walked to Delphi from the north and stopped at Tempe, a city in Thessaly, to pick laurel (also known as bay tree) which he considered to be a sacred plant. In commemoration of this legend, the winners at the Pythian Games received a wreath of laurel picked in the Temple.

Delphi became the site of a major temple to Phoebus Apollo, as well as the Pythian Games and the famous prehistoric oracle. Even in Roman times, hundreds of votive statues remained, described by Pliny the Younger and seen by Pausanias.

Carved into the temple were three phrases: ????? sea?t?? (gnothi seautón = "know thyself") and µ?d?? ??a? (medén ágan = "nothing in excess"), and ????a p??a d'?t? (eggýa pára d'ate = "make a pledge and mischief is nigh"),[10] In ancient times, the origin of these phrases was attributed to one or more of the Seven Sages of Greece,[11]

Additionally, according to Plutarch's essay on the meaning of the "E at Delphi"--the only literary source for the inscription---there was also inscribed at the temple a large letter E.[12] Among other things epsilon signifies the number 5.

However, ancient as well as modern scholars have doubted the legitimacy of such inscriptions.[13] According to one pair of scholars, "The actual authorship of the three maxims set up on the Delphian temple may be left uncertain. Most likely they were popular proverbs, which tended later to be attributed to particular sages."[14]

According to the Homeric-hymn to the Pythian, Apollo shot his first arrow as an infant which effectively slew the serpent Pytho, the son of Gaia, who guarded the spot. To atone the murder of Gaia's son, Apollo was forced to fly and spend eight years in menial service before he could return forgiven. A festival, the Septerla, was held every year, at which the whole story was represented: the slaying of the serpent, and the flight, atonement, and return of the god.[15]

The Pythian Games took place every four years to commemorate Apollo's victory.[15] Another regular Delphi festival was the "Theophania" (Te?f??e?a), an annual festival in spring celebrating the return of Apollo from his winter quarters in Hyperborea. The culmination of the festival was a display of an image of the gods, usually hidden in the sanctuary, to worshippers.[16]

The "Theoxenia" was held each summer, centred on a feast for "gods and ambassadors from other states". Myths indicate that Apollo killed the chthonic serpent Python, Pythia in older myths, but according to some later accounts his wife, Pythia, who lived beside the Castalian Spring. According to some because Python had attempted to rape Leto while she was pregnant with Apollo and Artemis. The bodies of the pair were draped around his Rod, which with the wings created the caduceus symbolic of the god.[15]

This spring flowed toward the temple but disappeared beneath, creating a cleft which emitted vapors that caused the Oracle at Delphi to give her prophecies. Apollo killed Python but had to be punished for it, since she was a child of Gaia. The shrine dedicated to Apollo was originally dedicated to Gaia and shared with Poseidon.[15] The name Pythia remained as the title of the Delphic Oracle.

Erwin Rohde wrote that the Python was an earth spirit, who was conquered by Apollo, and buried under the Omphalos, and that it is a case of one deity setting up a temple on the grave of another.[17] Another view holds that Apollo was a fairly recent addition to the Greek pantheon coming originally from Lydia. The Etruscans coming from northern Anatolia also worshipped Apollo, and it may be that he was originally identical with Mesopotamian Aplu, an Akkadian title meaning "son", originally given to the plague God Nergal, son of Enlil. Apollo Smintheus (Greek ?p????? Sµ???e??), the mouse killer[18] eliminates mice, a primary cause of disease, hence he promotes preventive medicine.

Oracle

Main article: Pythia

View of Delphi.
Delphi is perhaps best known for the oracle at the sanctuary that was dedicated to Apollo during the classical period. According to Aeschylus in the prologue of the Eumenides, it had origins in prehistoric times and the worship of Gaia. In the last quarter of the 8th century BC there is a steady increase in artifacts found at the settlement site in Delphi, which was a new, post-Mycenaean settlement of the late 9th century. Pottery and bronze work as well as tripod dedications continue in a steady stream, in comparison to Olympia. Neither the range of objects nor the presence of prestigious dedications proves that Delphi was a focus of attention for a wide range of worshippers, but the large quantity of high value goods, found in no other mainland sanctuary, certainly encourages that view.

Apollo spoke through his oracle: the sibyl or priestess of the oracle at Delphi was known as the Pythia; she had to be an older woman of blameless life chosen from among the peasants of the area. She sat on a tripod seat over an opening in the earth. When Apollo slew Python, its body fell into this fissure, according to legend, and fumes arose from its decomposing body. Intoxicated by the vapors, the sibyl would fall into a trance, allowing Apollo to possess her spirit. In this state she prophesied. It has been postulated that a gas high in ethylene, known to produce violent trances, came out of this opening, though this theory remains debatable.[19][20]

While in a trance the Pythia "raved" – probably a form of ecstatic speech – and her ravings were "translated" by the priests of the temple into elegant hexameters. People consulted the Delphic oracle on everything from important matters of public policy to personal affairs. The oracle could not be consulted during the winter months, for this was traditionally the time when Apollo would live among the Hyperboreans. Dionysus would inhabit the temple during his absence.[21]

H.W. Parke writes that the foundation of Delphi and its oracle took place before recorded history and its origins are obscure, but dating to the worship of the Titan, Gaia.[22]

The Oracle exerted considerable influence throughout the Greek world, and she was consulted before all major undertakings: wars, the founding of colonies, and so forth. She also was respected by the semi-Hellenic countries around the Greek world, such as Lydia, Caria, and even Egypt. The oracle was also known to the early Romans. Rome's seventh and last king, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, after witnessing a snake near his palace, sent a delegation including two of his sons to consult the oracle.[23]
For a list of some of the most noted oracular pronouncements of the Pythia, go to Famous Oracular Statements from Delphi.
The Oracle benefited from the Macedonian Kings. Later it was placed under the protection of the Aetolians. After a brief period the influence of the Romans started to emerge, and they protected the Oracle from a dangerous barbarian invasion in 109 BC and 105 BC. A major reorganization was initiated, but was interrupted by the Mithridatic Wars and the wars of Sulla who took many rich offerings from the Oracle.

Invading barbarian invasions burned the Temple, which had been severely damaged by an earthquake in 83 BC. Thus the Oracle fell in decay and the surrounding area became impoverished. The sparse local population led to difficulties in filling the posts required. The Oracle's credibility waned due to doubtful predictions.

When Nero came to Greece in AD 66, he took away over 500 of the best statues from Delphi to Rome. Subsequent Roman emperors of the Flavian dynasty contributed significantly towards its restoration. Hadrian offered complete autonomy. Also Plutarch was a significant factor by his presence as a chief priest.

However, barbarian raids during the reign of Marcus Aurelius and removal of statues and other riches (in effect looting) by Constantine I caused it to decay. The short reign of Julian could not improve matters. The Oracle continued until it was closed by emperor Theodosius I in AD 395. The site was abandoned for almost 100 years, until Christians started to settle permanently in the area: they established the small town of Kastri in about AD 600.

[edit] The "Delphic Sibyl"

Main article: Delphic Sibyl

The Delphic Sibyl was a legendary prophetic figure who was said to have given prophecies at Delphi shortly after the Trojan War. The prophecies attributed to her circulated in written collections of prophetic sayings, along with the oracles of figures such as Bakis. The Sibyl had no connection to the oracle of Apollo, and should not be confused with the Pythia.[24] The oracle of Delphi who was foretold to be a dolphin reincarnation.

[edit] Buildings and structures

Site plan of the Sanctuary of Apollo, Delphi.
Occupation of the site at Delphi can be traced back to the Neolithic period with extensive occupation and use beginning in the Mycenaean period (1600–1100 BC). Most of the ruins that survive today date from the most intense period of activity at the site in the 6th century BC.[25]

[edit] Temple of Apollo

The ruins of the Temple of Delphi visible today date from the 4th century BC are of a peripteral Doric building. It was erected on the remains of an earlier temple, dated to the 6th century BC which itself was erected on the site of a 7th century BC construction attributed to the architects Trophonios and Agamedes.[26]

The 6th century BC temple was named the "Temple of Alcmeonidae" in tribute to the Athenian family who funded its reconstruction following a fire, which had destroyed the original structure. The new building was a Doric hexastyle temple of 6 by 15 columns. This temple was destroyed in 373 BC by an earthquake. The pediment sculptures are a tribute to Praxias and Androsthenes of Athens. Of a similar proportion to the second temple it retained the 6 by 15 column pattern around the stylobate.[26] Inside was the adyton, the centre of the Delphic oracle and seat of Pythia. The monument was partly restored during 1938(?)–1300.

The temple survived until 390 AD, when the Christian emperor Theodosius I silenced the oracle by destroying the temple and most of the statues and works of art in the name of Christianity.[27] The site was completely destroyed by zealous Christians in an attempt to remove all traces of Paganism.[27]

[edit] Amphictyonic Council

The Amphictyonic Council was a council of representatives from six Greek tribes that controlled Delphi and also the quadrennial Pythian Games. They met biannually and came from Thessaly and central Greece. Over time, the town of Delphi gained more control of itself and the council lost much of its influence.

The mountain-top stadium at Delphi, far above the temples/theater below.
[edit] Treasuries

From the entrance of the site, continuing up the slope almost to the temple itself, are a large number of votive statues, and numerous treasuries. These were built by the various Greek city states — those overseas as well as those on the mainland — to commemorate victories and to thank the oracle for her advice, which was thought to have contributed to those victories. They are called "treasuries" because they held the offerings made to Apollo; these were frequently a "tithe" or tenth of the spoils of a battle. The most impressive is the now-restored Athenian Treasury, built to commemorate the Athenians' victory at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC.

In addition, Pausanias relates that at the time of the Persian invasion in 480 BC the Athenians were advised by the oracle to put their faith in their "wooden walls" — taking this advice to mean their navy, they won the famous battle at Salamis. Several of the treasuries can be identified, among them the Siphnian Treasury, dedicated by the city of Siphnos whose citizens gave a tithe of the yield from their gold mines until the mines came to an abrupt end when the sea flooded the workings.

Other identifiable treasuries are those of the Sikyonians, the Boetians and the Thebans. One of the largest of the treasuries was that of Argos. Built in the late Doric period, the Argives took great pride in establishing their place amongst the other city states. Completed in 380, the treasury draws inspiration mostly from the Temple of Hera located in the Argolis, the acropolis of the city. However, recent analysis of the Archaic elements of the treasury suggest that its founding preceded this.

As a result of these treasuries, through the protection of the Amphictyonic League, Delphi came to function as the de-facto Central Bank of Ancient Greece. It was the abuse of these treasuries by Philip of Macedon and the later sacking of the Treasuries, first by the Celts, and later by Sulla, the Roman Dictator, that led to the eclipse of Greek civilization and the eventual growth of Rome.

[edit] Altar of the Chians

Located in front of the Temple of Apollo, the main altar of the sanctuary was paid for and built by the people of Chios. It is dated to the 5th century BC by the inscription on its cornice. Made entirely of black marble, except for the base and cornice, the altar would have made a striking impression. It was restored in 1920.[28]

[edit] Stoa of the Athenians

The stoa leads off north-east from the main sanctuary. It was built in the Ionic order and consists of seven fluted columns, unusually carved from single pieces of stone (most columns were constructed from a series of discs joined together). The inscription on the stylobate indicates that it was built by the Athenians after their naval victory over the Persians in 478 BC, to house their war trophies.[28] The rear wall of the stoa contains nearly a thousand inscriptions; supposedly any slave manumitted in Athens was obliged to record a short biography here, explaining why he had deserved his freedom.

 

 

DEDICATION TO APOLLO

 

"Carved into the temple were three phrases: ????? sea?t?? (gnothi seautón = "know thyself") and µ?d?? ??a? (medén ágan = "nothing in excess"), and ????a p??a d'?t? (eggýa pára d'ate = "make a pledge and mischief is nigh"),[10] In ancient times, the origin of these phrases was attributed to one or more of the Seven Sages of Greece,[11]

Additionally, according to Plutarch's essay on the meaning of the "E at Delphi"--the only literary source for the inscription---there was also inscribed at the temple a large letter E.[12] Among other things epsilon signifies the number 5."

 

THE E AT DELPHI THE 5 AT DELPHI

 

 

KNOW THYSELF KNOW

KNOW THYS5LF KNOW

KNOW THYSELF KNOW

 

 

M
=
4
-
6
MAKING
55
28
1
S
=
1
-
5
SENSE
62
17
8
O
=
6
-
2
OF
21
12
3
N
=
5
-
8
NONSENSE
105
33
6
-
-
16
-
21
Add to Reduce
243
90
18
-
-
1+6
-
2+1
Reduce to Deduce
2+4+3
9+0
1+8
-
-
7
-
3
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

PLUTARCH

MORALIA

Edited by G. P. Goold 1936

Page 194

"THE E AT DELPHI"

 

THE 5 AT DELPHI

 

 

ISIS HORUS OSIRIS

THAT

CHRISTOS OF SPIRIT THAT SPIRIT OF CHRISTOS

 

 

T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
A
=
1
-
2
AT
21
3
3
D
=
4
-
6
DELPHI
54
36
9
-
-
12
-
12
First Total
113
59
23
-
-
1+2
-
1+2
Add to Reduce
1+1+3
5+9
2+3
Q
-
3
-
3
Second Total
5
14
5
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
1+4
=
-
-
3
-
3
Essence of Number
5
5
5

 

 

-
12
T
H
E
-
E
`
A
T
-
D
E
L
P
H
I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
+
=
25
2+5
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
+
=
25
2+5
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
12
T
H
E
-
E
`
A
T
-
D
E
L
P
H
I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
5
-
5
-
1
2
-
4
5
3
7
-
-
+
=
34
3+4
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
-
20
-
5
-
5
-
1
20
-
4
5
12
16
-
-
+
=
88
8+8
=
16
1+6
7
=
7
-
12
T
H
E
-
E
`
A
T
-
D
E
L
P
H
I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
8
5
-
5
-
1
20
-
4
5
12
16
8
9
+
=
113
1+1+3
=
5
=
5
=
5
-
-
2
8
5
-
5
-
1
2
-
4
5
3
7
8
9
+
=
59
5+9
=
14
1+4
5
=
5
-
12
T
H
E
-
E
-
A
T
-
D
E
L
P
H
I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
SIX
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
=
7
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
2
=
16
1+6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
6
12
T
H
E
-
E
-
A
T
-
D
E
L
P
H
I
-
-
39
-
-
12
-
59
-
41
-
1+2
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
3+9
-
-
1+2
-
5+9
-
4+1
6
3
T
H
E
-
E
-
A
T
-
D
E
L
P
H
I
-
-
12
-
-
3
-
14
-
5
-
-
2
8
5
-
5
-
1
2
-
4
5
3
7
8
9
-
-
1+2
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
6
3
T
H
E
-
E
-
A
T
-
D
E
L
P
H
I
-
-
3
-
-
3
-
5
-
5

 

 

12
T
H
E
-
E
`
A
T
-
D
E
L
P
H
I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
+
=
25
2+5
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
+
=
25
2+5
=
7
=
7
=
7
12
T
H
E
-
E
`
A
T
-
D
E
L
P
H
I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
5
-
5
-
1
2
-
4
5
3
7
-
-
+
=
34
3+4
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
20
-
5
-
5
-
1
20
-
4
5
12
16
-
-
+
=
88
8+8
=
16
1+6
7
=
7
12
T
H
E
-
E
`
A
T
-
D
E
L
P
H
I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
8
5
-
5
-
1
20
-
4
5
12
16
8
9
+
=
113
1+1+3
=
5
=
5
=
5
-
2
8
5
-
5
-
1
2
-
4
5
3
7
8
9
+
=
59
5+9
=
14
1+4
5
=
5
12
T
H
E
-
E
-
A
T
-
D
E
L
P
H
I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
=
7
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
2
=
16
1+6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
12
T
H
E
-
E
-
A
T
-
D
E
L
P
H
I
-
-
39
-
-
12
-
59
-
41
1+2
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
3+9
-
-
1+2
-
5+9
-
4+1
3
T
H
E
-
E
-
A
T
-
D
E
L
P
H
I
-
-
12
-
-
3
-
14
-
5
-
2
8
5
-
5
-
1
2
-
4
5
3
7
8
9
-
-
1+2
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
3
T
H
E
-
E
-
A
T
-
D
E
L
P
H
I
-
-
3
-
-
3
-
5
-
5

 

 

12
T
H
E
E
A
T
D
E
L
P
H
I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
+
=
25
2+5
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
+
=
25
2+5
=
7
=
7
=
7
12
T
H
E
E
A
T
D
E
L
P
H
I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
5
5
1
2
4
5
3
7
-
-
+
=
34
3+4
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
20
-
5
5
1
20
4
5
12
16
-
-
+
=
88
8+8
=
16
1+6
7
=
7
12
T
H
E
E
A
T
D
E
L
P
H
I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
8
5
5
1
20
4
5
12
16
8
9
+
=
113
1+1+3
=
5
=
5
=
5
-
2
8
5
5
1
2
4
5
3
7
8
9
+
=
59
5+9
=
14
1+4
5
=
5
12
T
H
E
E
A
T
D
E
L
P
H
I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
=
7
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
2
=
16
1+6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
12
T
H
E
E
A
T
D
E
L
P
H
I
-
-
39
-
-
12
-
59
-
41
1+2
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
3+9
-
-
1+2
-
5+9
-
4+1
3
T
H
E
E
A
T
D
E
L
P
H
I
-
-
12
-
-
3
-
14
-
5
-
2
8
5
5
1
2
4
5
3
7
8
9
-
-
1+2
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
3
T
H
E
E
A
T
D
E
L
P
H
I
-
-
3
-
-
3
-
5
-
5

 

 

PLUTARCH

Plutarch; "On Isis and Osiris (De Iside et Osiride)" transl. by Frank Cole Babbitt, in Plutarch's Moralia, Vol. V, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University

Plutarch; "On Isis and Osiris (De Iside et Osiride)

 

12
THE E AT DELPHI
113
59
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
PLUTARCH
99
36
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
DE
9
9
9
5
ISIDE
46
28
1
2
ET
25
7
7
7
OSIRIDE
79
43
7
16
DE ISIDE ET OSIRIDE
159
87
24
1+6
-
1+5+9
8+7
2+4
7
DE ISIDE ET OSIRIDE
15
15
6
-
-
1+5
1+5
-
7
DE ISIDE ET OSIRIDE
6
6
6

 

 

-
16
D
E
-
I
S
I
D
E
`
E
T
-
O
S
I
R
I
D
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
1
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
1
9
-
9
-
-
+
=
44
4+4
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
9
19
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
19
9
-
9
-
-
+
=
89
8+9
=
17
1+7
8
=
8
-
16
D
E
-
I
S
I
D
E
`
E
T
-
O
S
I
R
I
D
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
5
2
-
-
-
-
9
-
4
5
+
=
43
4+3
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
5
20
-
-
-
-
18
-
4
5
+
=
70
7+0
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
16
D
E
-
I
S
I
D
E
`
E
T
-
O
S
I
R
I
D
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
9
19
9
4
5
-
5
20
-
15
19
9
18
9
4
5
+
=
159
1+5+9
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
-
-
4
5
-
9
1
9
4
5
-
5
2
-
6
1
9
9
9
4
5
+
=
87
8+7
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
-
16
D
E
-
I
S
I
D
E
-
E
T
-
O
S
I
R
I
D
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
THREE
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
3
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
5
=
45
4+5
9
18
16
D
E
-
I
S
I
D
E
-
E
T
-
O
S
I
R
I
D
E
-
-
27
-
-
16
-
87
-
24
1+8
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
2+7
-
-
1+6
-
8+7
-
2+4
9
16
D
E
-
I
S
I
D
E
-
E
T
-
O
S
I
R
I
D
E
-
-
9
-
-
7
-
15
-
6
-
-
4
5
-
9
1
9
4
5
-
5
2
-
6
1
9
9
9
4
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
-
9
16
D
E
-
I
S
I
D
E
-
E
T
-
O
S
I
R
I
D
E
-
-
9
-
-
7
-
6
-
6

 

 

16
D
E
-
I
S
I
D
E
`
E
T
-
O
S
I
R
I
D
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
1
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
1
9
-
9
-
-
+
=
44
4+4
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
9
19
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
19
9
-
9
-
-
+
=
89
8+9
=
17
1+7
8
=
8
16
D
E
-
I
S
I
D
E
`
E
T
-
O
S
I
R
I
D
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
5
2
-
-
-
-
9
-
4
5
+
=
43
4+3
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
5
20
-
-
-
-
18
-
4
5
+
=
70
7+0
=
7
=
7
=
7
16
D
E
-
I
S
I
D
E
`
E
T
-
O
S
I
R
I
D
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
9
19
9
4
5
-
5
20
-
15
19
9
18
9
4
5
+
=
159
1+5+9
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
-
4
5
-
9
1
9
4
5
-
5
2
-
6
1
9
9
9
4
5
+
=
87
8+7
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
16
D
E
-
I
S
I
D
E
-
E
T
-
O
S
I
R
I
D
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
3
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
5
=
45
4+5
9
16
D
E
-
I
S
I
D
E
-
E
T
-
O
S
I
R
I
D
E
-
-
27
-
-
16
-
87
-
24
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
2+7
-
-
1+6
-
8+7
-
2+4
16
D
E
-
I
S
I
D
E
-
E
T
-
O
S
I
R
I
D
E
-
-
9
-
-
7
-
15
-
6
-
4
5
-
9
1
9
4
5
-
5
2
-
6
1
9
9
9
4
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
-
16
D
E
-
I
S
I
D
E
-
E
T
-
O
S
I
R
I
D
E
-
-
9
-
-
7
-
6
-
6

 

 

16
D
E
I
S
I
D
E
E
T
S
I
R
I
D
E
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
1
9
-
-
-
-
6
1
9
-
9
-
-
+
=
44
4+4
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
9
19
9
-
-
-
-
15
19
9
-
9
-
-
+
=
89
8+9
=
17
1+7
8
=
8
16
D
E
I
S
I
D
E
E
T
O
S
I
R
I
D
E
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
4
5
5
2
-
-
-
9
-
4
5
+
=
43
4+3
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
4
5
-
-
-
4
5
5
20
-
-
-
18
-
4
5
+
=
70
7+0
=
7
=
7
=
7
16
D
E
I
S
I
D
E
E
T
O
S
I
R
I
D
E
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
4
5
9
19
9
4
5
5
20
15
19
9
18
9
4
5
+
=
159
1+5+9
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
-
4
5
9
1
9
4
5
5
2
6
1
9
9
9
4
5
+
=
87
8+7
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
16
D
E
I
S
I
D
E
E
T
O
S
I
R
I
D
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
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THE

HOURS OF HORUS

HORIZON ORISON HORIZON

 

 

orison - definition of orison by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus ...

www.thefreedictionary.com/orison
Definition of orison in the Online Dictionary. Meaning of orison. Pronunciation of ... from orare to speak]. ThesaurusLegend: Synonyms Related Words Antonyms ...

Orisons - Spirituality - Orisont

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
orison ['?r?z?n]
n
Literary another word for prayer1
[from Old French oreison, from Late Latin oratio, from Latin: speech, from orare to speak]
Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003

ThesaurusLegend: Synonyms Related Words Antonyms
Noun 1. orison - reverent petition to a deity
petition, prayer
prayer wheel - a cylinder with prayers written on it; each revolution counts as uttering the prayers; used especially by Buddhists in Tibet
asking, request - the verbal act of requesting
benediction, blessing - a ceremonial prayer invoking divine protection
collect - a short prayer generally preceding the lesson in the Church of Rome or the Church of England
commination - prayers proclaiming God's anger against sinners; read in the Church of England on Ash Wednesday
deprecation - a prayer to avert or remove some evil or disaster
thanksgiving, blessing, grace - a short prayer of thanks before a meal; "their youngest son said grace"
intercession - a prayer to God on behalf of another person
invocation, supplication - a prayer asking God's help as part of a religious service
requiescat - a prayer for the repose of the soul of a dead person

Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc.

 

 

Orison - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary
www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/orison
Definition of orison from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary with audio pronunciations, thesaurus, Word of the Day, and word games.

1prayer
noun, often attributive \'prer\

Definition of PRAYER

1

a (1): an address (as a petition) to God or a god in word or thought <said a prayer for the success of the voyage> (2): a set order of words used in praying

b: an earnest request or wish

2

: the act or practice of praying to God or a god <kneeling in prayer>

3

: a religious service consisting chiefly of prayers —often used in plural

4

: something prayed for

5

: a slight chance <haven't got a prayer>

Origin of PRAYER

Middle English, from Anglo-French priere, praiere, preiere, from Medieval Latin precaria, from Latin, feminine of precarius obtained by entreaty, from prec-, prex
First Known Use: 14th century

Other Christian Religious Terms
Pentateuch, blasphemy, curate, doxology, eremite, iconoclasm, liturgy, orison, pneuma, reliquary

Rhymes with PRAYER
air, Ayr, bare, bear, Blair, blare, care, chair, chare, dare, Dare, e'er, ere, err, eyre, fair, fare, flair, flare, glair, glare, hair, ha...
[+]more

2pray·er
noun \'pra-?r, 'prer\

Definition of PRAYER

: one that prays : supplicant

Origin of PRAYER
Middle English prayere, from prayen to pray + 2-er
First Known Use: 14th century
Other Christian Religious Terms
Pentateuch, blasphemy, curate, doxology, eremite, iconoclasm, liturgy, orison, pneuma, reliquary
Rhymes with PRAYER
brayer, layer, mayor, payer, player, preyer, sayer, slayer, sprayer, stayer, strayer, swayer, Thayer
prayer
noun (Concise Encyclopedia)
Silent or spoken petition made to God or a god. Prayer has been practiced in all religions throughout history. Its characteristic postures (bowing the head, kneeling, prostration) and position of the hands (raised, outstretched, clasped) signify an attitude of submission and devotion. Prayer may involve confessions of sin, requests, thanks, praise, offerings of sacrifice, or promises of future acts of devotion. In addition to spontaneous private prayer, most religions have fixed formulas of prayer (e.g., the Lord's Prayer), often recited in group worship. The four prophetic religions (Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and Zoroastrianism) prescribe a daily set form of individual prayer, such as the Shema, to be recited twice a day by every male Jew, and the Islamic salat, performed five times a day.

xxxx
Orison Meaning and Definition
thinkexist.com › Dictionary › Ore-Ost
Orison Meaning and Definition. (n.) A prayer; a supplication. Orison: words in the definition. A, Prayer, Supplication,. Orison synonyms. Petition, Prayer, ...
Dictionary > Pes-Pha > PetitionPetition Meaning and Definition
(v. t.) To make a prayer or request to; to ask from; to solicit; to entreat; especially, to make a formal written supplication, or application to, as to any branch of the government; as, to petition the court; to petition the governor.
(n.) A formal written request addressed to an official person, or to an organized body, having power to grant it; specifically (Law), a supplication to government, in either of its branches, for the granting of a particular grace or right; -- in distinction from a memorial, which calls certain facts to mind; also, the written document.
(n.) A prayer; a supplication; an imploration; an entreaty; especially, a request of a solemn or formal kind; a prayer to the Supreme Being, or to a person of superior power, rank, or authority; also, a single clause in such a prayer.
(v. i.) To make a petition or solicitation.
Petition: words in the definition
A, Addressed, Also, An, Any, Application, As, Ask, Authority, Being, Body, Branch, Branches, Certain, Clause, Court, Distinction, Document, Either, Entreat, Entreaty, Especially, For, Formal, From, Government, Governor, Grace, Grant, Granting, Having, Imploration, In, It, Its, Kind, Law, Make, Memorial, Mind, Of, Official, Or, Organized, Particular, Person, Petition, Power, Prayer, Rank, Request, Right, Single, Solemn, Solicit, Specifically, Such, Superior, Supplication, Supreme, The, To, Which, Written,
Petition synonyms
Orison, Postulation, Prayer, Request,

or·i·son
noun \'o?r-?-s?n, 'är-, -z?n\
Definition of ORISON
: prayer
See orison defined for kids »
Examples of ORISON
<a fervent orison asking for divine guidance in bringing about a peaceful solution to the grave international crisis>
Origin of ORISON

Middle English, from Anglo-French ureisun, oreison, from Late Latin oration-, oratio, from Latin, oration
First Known Use: 13th century

Related to ORISON

Synonyms: prayer
Other Christian Religious Terms

Pentateuch, blasphemy, curate, doxology, eremite, iconoclasm, liturgy, pneuma, reliquary

Learn More About ORISON

Thesaurus: All synonyms and antonyms for "orison"
Next Word in the Dictionary: -orium
Previous Word in the Dictionary: orismology
All Words Near: orison
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Zion From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see Zion (disambiguation).

Zion (Hebrew: ?????) (also transliterated Sion, Tzion or Tsion) is a place name often used as a synonym for Jerusalem.[1][2] The word is first found in Samuel II, 5:7 dating to c.630–540 BCE according to modern scholarship. It commonly referred to a specific mountain near Jerusalem (Mount Zion), on which stood a Jebusite fortress of the same name that was conquered by David and was named the City of David. The term Tzion came to designate the area of Jerusalem where the fortress stood, and later became a metonym for Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem, the city of Jerusalem and generally, the World to Come.

In Kabbalah the more esoteric reference is made to Tzion[3] being the spiritual point from which reality emerges, located in the Holy of Holies of the First, Second and Third Temple.

Contents
1 Etymology 1.1 Orthography
2 Biblical usage 2.1 The Daughter of Tzion
3 Arab and Islamic tradition
4 Zionism
5 Anti-slavery symbolism
6 Usage by the Rastafari movement
7 Latter Day Saint movement
8 In popular culture
9 Mount Zion today
10 See also
11 References
12 Further reading

[edit] Etymology

The etymology of the word Zion (?iyôn) is uncertain.[1][2][4] Mentioned in the Bible in the Book of Samuel (2 Samuel 5:7) as the name of the Jebusite fortress conquered by King David, its origin likely predates the Israelites.[1][2] If Semitic, it may be derived from the Hebrew root ''?iyyôn ("castle") or the Hebrew ?iyya ("dry land," Jeremiah 51:43). A non-Semitic relationship to the Hurrian word šeya ("river" or "brook") has also been suggested.[4]

[edit] Orthography

The form Tzion (Hebrew: ?????; Tiberian vocalization: ?iyyôn) appears 108 times in the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), and once as HaTzion.[5] It is spelled with a Tzadi and not Zayin.[6] The commonly used form is based on German orthography,[7] where z is always pronounced [t?s] (e.g. "zog" [t?so?k]), hence "Tsion" in German literature.[clarification needed] A tz would only be used if the preceding vowel is short, and hence use of Zion in 19th century German Biblical criticism. This orthography was adopted because in German the correct transliteration can only be rendered from the one instance of HaTzion in Kings II 23:17, where the a vowel is followed by a double consonant tz.

[edit] Biblical usage

Some examples from the book of Psalms, which have been frequently recited and memorized by Jews for centuries, state:
"By the rivers of Babylon, there we sat down, yea, we wept, when we remembered Tzion." (Psalms 137:1)
"For there they that carried us away captive required of us a song; and they that wasted us required of us mirth, saying, Sing us one of the songs of Tzion. How shall we sing the Lord's song in a strange land? If I forget thee, O Jerusalem, let my right hand forget her cunning. If I do not remember thee, let my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth; if I prefer not Jerusalem above my chief joy. Remember, O Lord, the children of Edom in the day of Jerusalem; who said, Raze it, raze it, even to the foundation thereof; O daughter of Babylon, that art to be destroyed; happy shall he be, that repayeth thee as thou hast served us." (Psalms 137:3-8, italics for words not in the original Hebrew)
"The Lord doth build up Jerusalem: he gathereth together the outcast of Israel. Praise the Lord, O Jerusalem; praise thy God, O Tzion." (Psalms 147:2,12)

[edit] The Daughter of Tzion

Mentioned 26 times in the Tanakh, the Biblical phrase "Daughter of Tzion" (Hebrew "bat Tzion") is considered by some[who?] to be referencing a small hill in Jerusalem (whether Mount Moriah, the Temple Mount, or another hill), with the location of the actual tall mountain (as described in the Psalms) remaining mysterious. Another cryptic verse, Zechariah 4:7, seems to refer to this hill, but is also ambiguous, depending on the punctuation. In Hebrew it reads "Mi attah Har-haGadol lifnei Zerubbabel l'mishor..."; the plain text has no punctuation, but the Masoretic Text puts a pause following Har-haGadol, to mean "Who are you, great mountain? Before Zerubbabel, [you will become just] a plain..." However, if the pause is placed following Zerubbabel, it would mean instead "What are you, "great mountain" before Zerubbabel? [You are just] a plain..." Since this hill is where Zerubbabel built the Second Temple, it appears to be a reference to the "Daughter of Zion" (the hill), as distinct from Tzion (the mountain).

However, "Daughter of Zion", and a variety of other names like "Daughter of Jerusalem", might also be interpreted as referring to Jerusalem and the Jewish people personified, instead of a geographical feature.[8]

In the New Testament the Daughter of Zion is the bride of Christ, also known as the Church, according to the writer of the book of Hebrews (see Heb 12:22). In this sense the lower hill with the temple mount is of course the Daughter of Zion as a geographical or 'earthly' manifestation of spiritual reality, as well as the lively and alive place of the human congregation.

Naming the holy city "daughter Zion" was a common practice in the Hebrew language. Not only Jerusalem was called this way, but also Babylon, Tyre and Tarshish were referred to as "daughter".[9]

[edit] Arab and Islamic tradition

Sahyun (Arabic: ??????, ?ahyun or ?ihyun) is the word for Zion in Arabic and Syriac.[10][11] Drawing on biblical tradition, it is one of the names accorded to Jerusalem in Arabic and Islamic tradition.[11][12] A valley called Wâdi Sahyûn (wadi being the Arabic for "valley") seemingly preserves the name and is located approximately one and three-quarter miles from the Old City of Jerusalem's Jaffa Gate.[10]

The Kaaba in Mecca was also called Sahyun or Zion by Muhammed, the prophet of Islam.[12] Islamic scholarship sees many passages of the Bible that refer to the desert or eschatological Zion as references to the holy site of Mecca.[13] For example, the reference to the "precious cornerstone" of the new Jerusalem in the Book of Isaiah 28:16 is identified in Islamic scholarship as the cornerstone of the Kaaba.[13] This interpretation is said by Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyah (1292–1350) to have come from the People of the Book, though earlier Christian scholarship identifies the cornerstone with Jesus.[13]

[edit] Zionism

A World War I recruitment poster. The Daughter of Zion (representing the Hebrew people): "Your Old New Land must have you! Join the Jewish regiment".
Main articles: Zionism, Types of Zionism, Religious Zionism, Post-Zionism, and Neo-Zionism

The term "Zionism" coined by Austrian Nathan Birnbaum, was derived from the German rendering of Tzion in his journal Selbstemanzipation (Self Emancipation) in 1890.[14] Zionism as a political movement started in 1897 and supported a 'national home', and later a state, for the Jewish people in Palestine. The Zionist movement declared the re-establishment of its State of Israel in 1948, following the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine. Since then and with varying ideologies, Zionists have focused on developing and protecting this state.

While Zionism is based in part upon Torah mitzvot linking the Jewish people to the Biblical land of Israel, the modern movement is largely secular. Indeed, until 1967 the Tzion of the Tanakh (the Old City of Jerusalem) was not even within the boundaries of Israel (although Mount Zion itself, was).

In 2005, Ralph Uwazuruike from Nigeria pushed for the creation of the already disputed state of Biafra for the Igbo people. He approached the Israeli government to support this movement on the basis that Israel is the long lost home of the Igbos.

[edit] Anti-slavery symbolism

The Jewish longing for Zion, starting with the deportation and enslavement of Jews during the Babylonian captivity, was adopted as a metaphor by Christian Black slaves in the United States, and after the Civil War by blacks who were still oppressed. Thus, Zion symbolizes a longing by wandering peoples for a safe homeland. This could be an actual place such as Ethiopia for Rastafarians or Israel for some of the Igbos in Nigeria for example. For others, it has taken on a more spiritual meaning—a safe spiritual homeland, like in heaven, or a kind of peace of mind in one's present life.

[edit] Usage by the Rastafari movement
“ I say fly away home to Zion, fly away home...One bright morning when my work is over, man will fly away home... ”

—Rastaman Chant , Bob Marley

In the Rastafari movement, "Zion" stands for a utopian place of unity, peace and freedom, as opposed to "Babylon", the oppressing and exploiting system of the western world and a place of evil.

For Rastafarians, Zion is to be found in Africa, and more specifically in Ethiopia, where the term is also in use. Some Rastas believe themselves to represent the real Children of Israel in modern times, and their goal is to repatriate to Africa, or to Zion. Rasta reggae is peppered with references to Zion; among the best-known examples are the Bob Marley songs "Zion Train", "Iron Lion Zion", the Bunny Wailer song "Rastaman" ("The Rasta come from Zion, Rastaman a Lion!"), The Melodians song "Rivers of Babylon" (based on Psalm 137:1,3,4), the Bad Brains song "Leaving Babylon", the Damian Marley song featuring Nas "Road to Zion," The Abyssinians' "Forward Unto Zion" and Kiddus I's "Graduation In Zion," which is featured in the 1977 cult roots rock reggae film Rockers. Reggae groups such as Steel Pulse and Cocoa Tea also have many references to Zion in their various songs. In recent years, such references have also crossed over into pop and rock music thanks to artists like MindZion, O.A.R. "To Zion Goes I", Sublime, Lauryn Hill, Boney M. ("Rivers of Babylon"), Black Uhuru "Leaving to Zion", Fluid Minds "Zion", Dreadzone with the reggae-tinged track "Zion Youth.", P.O.D. with song "Set Your Eyes to Zion" (but P.O.D. with a Christian viewpoint: Zion referring to the spiritual kingdom of God), Trevor Hall with song "To Zion", and Australian roots reggae outfit Vindan and The Zion Band, also Alcyon Massive (a reggae/psychedelic band in Southern Oregon) wrote a song titled "Zion". The rock band Rush also reference Zion/Babylon duality in the song "Digital Man" with the following lyrics: "He'd love to spend the night in Zion. He's been a long while in Babylon".

[edit] Latter Day Saint movement

Main article: City of Zion (Mormonism)

A similar metaphoric transformation of the term "Zion" occurs in the modern Latter Day Saint movement, originating in the United States in the 1830s. In this interpretation, Zion refers to a specific location to which members of the millennial church are to be gathered together to live. During that time the ancient city of Enoch, also named Zion, that was taken to Heaven will return to the Earth. A Temple is to be built unto the Lord for a sacred work to be performed and for the Lord Jesus Christ to reign when he returns at the Second Coming. Until the gathering of Israel (Gentile and Jew who have accepted Jesus as their savior), when the second coming of Jesus Christ.[clarification needed]

Latter Day Saints also believe Zion to be their location congregations where they gather weekly to renew vows and covenants made to God the Father and to the Son of God.

[edit] In popular culture

Zion is referenced in several media and entertainment groups. For example in music the band with the name Mind Zion also there are song titles such as "To Zion", a song by Lauryn Hill, "Road to Zion", by Damian Marley, "Iron Lion Zion" by Bob Marley, or the "Zion (David Bowie song)". It is referenced in the song "Pancake" by Tori Amos from her concept album "Scarlet's Walk". In film, Zion is a fictional human-controlled underground city in The Matrix (franchise). In literature, Zion is a space station in the 1984 cyberpunk novel Neuromancer. In the gaming culture, Fallout: New Vegas features a downloadable content titled "Honest Hearts" where the player travels to a place known as "Zion". The first two verses of Psalm 137, which mention Zion, were used for a musical setting in a round by English composer, Philip Hayes. Don McLean covered the song as 'Babylon', which was the final track on his 1971 album, American Pie.

In February 2011 the Iranian government issued a formal complaint, saying that Britain's 2012 Olympics logo spelled the word "Zion". They initially threatened to boycott the event if the "offensive" logo was not replaced.

[edit] Mount Zion today

Dormition Church, situated on the modern "Mount Zion"
Today, Mount Zion refers to a hill south of the Old City's Armenian Quarter, not to the Temple Mount. This apparent misidentification dates from the Middle Ages, when Christian pilgrims mistook the relatively large, flat summit (the highest point in ancient Jerusalem) for the original site of the Jewish Temple. The Dormition Church (right) is located upon the hill currently called Mount Zion.

[edit] See also
Book of Micah
New Jerusalem

[edit] References

1.^ a b c Tremper Longman, Peter Enns (2008). Tremper Longman, Peter Enns. ed. Dictionary of the Old Testament: wisdom, poetry & writings, Volume 3 (Illustrated ed.). InterVarsity Press. p. 936. ISBN 0-8308-1783-2, 9780830817832.
2.^ a b c Terry R. Briley (2000). Isaiah, Volume 1 - The College Press NIV commentary: Old Testament series. College Press. p. 49. ISBN 0-89900-890-9, 9780899008905.
3.^ http://www.shemayisrael.co.il/parsha/dimension/archives/devarim.htm
4.^ a b Geoffrey W. Bromiley (1982). Geoffrey W. Bromiley. ed. International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: E-J Volume 2 (Revised ed.). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 1006. ISBN 0-8028-3782-4, 9780802837820.
5.^ The Responsa Project: Version 13, Bar Ilan University, 2005
6.^ Kline, D.E., A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Hebrew Language for readers of English, Carta Jerusalem, The University of Haifa, 1987, pp.XII-XIII
7.^ Joseph Dixon, A general introduction to the Sacred Scriptures: in a series of dissertations, critical hermeneutical and historical, J. Murphy, 1853, p.132
8.^ Jaap Dekker, Zion's rock-solid foundations: an exegetical study of the Zion text in Isaiah 28:16, BRILL, 2007, pp.269-270
9.^ Elaine R. Follis, Anchor Bible Dictionary
10.^ a b Palestine Exploration Fund (1977). Palestine exploration quarterly. Published at the Fund's Office. p. 21.
11.^ a b Moshe Gil (1997). A history of Palestine, 634-1099. Cambridge University Press. p. 114. ISBN 0-521-59984-9, 9780521599849.
12.^ a b Richard A. Freund (2009). Digging Through the Bible: Modern Archaeology and the Ancient Bible (Reprint ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 141. ISBN 0-7425-4645-4, 9780742546455.
13.^ a b c Brannon M. Wheeler (2002). Moses in the Quran and Islamic exegesis (Illustrated, reprint ed.). Routledge. pp. 89–92. ISBN 0-7007-1603-3, 9780700716036.
14.^ De Lange, Nicholas, An Introduction to Judaism, Cambridge University Press (2000), p. 30. ISBN 0-521-46624-5.
Ludlow, D. H. (Ed.). (1992) Vol 4. Encyclopedia of Mormonism. New York: Macmillian Publishing Company.
McConkie, B.R. (1966).Mormon Doctrine. (2nd ed). Utah: Bookcraft.
(Online) Available http://www.lds.org.
Steven Zarlengo: Daughter of Zion: Jerusalem's Past, Present, and Future. (Dallas: Joseph Publishing, 2007).

[edit] Further reading
Batto, Bernard F.; Roberts, Kathryn L. (2004). David and Zion: Biblical Studies in Honor of J.J.M. Roberts Eisenbrauns, USA. ISBN 1-57506-092-2.

 

 

Strong's Greek: 4622. S??? (Sión) -- Zion, a mountain of Jer. or the ...

concordances.org/greek/4622.htm

Zion. Of Hebrew origin (Tsiyown); Sion (i.e. Tsijon), a hill of Jerusalem; figuratively, the Church (militant or triumphant) -- Sion. see HEBREW Tsiyown ...

 

 

O
=
6
-
6
OSIRIS
89
35
8
I
=
9
-
4
ISIS
56
20
2
S
=
1
-
3
SET
44
8
8
-
-
16
Q
13
First Total
189
63
18
-
-
1+6
-
1+3
Add to Reduce
1+8+9
6+3
1+8
-
-
7
-
4
Second Total
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
-
-
7
-
4
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

SHAMANIC WISDOM IN THE PYRAMID TEXTS

THE MYSTICAL TRADITION OF ANCIENT EGYPT

Jeremy Naydler 2005

The Sarcophagus Chamber Texts

Page 195

"Part 4: Anointing with the Seven Holy Oils (Utts. 72-78, 79, 81)

The fourth ceremony in the Unas liturgy begins at the west end of the second register (see fig. 7.1). It is the anointing with the seven holy oils (utts. 72-78), which have the effect on the mythological plane of "filling the Eye of Horus" (utt. 72). As we have seen, mythologically the Eye of Horus is torn out by Seth in their battle for supremacy over Egypt. This act plunges the night sky into darkness, for the Eye of Horus, cosmically understood, is the moon-the heavenly body that illumines the night. It is Thoth who finds the eye shattered into fragments and, having reassembled them, causes the moon to reappear after its short period of invisibility. In so doing, Thoth restores harmony and wholeness both macrocosmically and microcosmically.21 On the microcosmic level the restoration of the eye signifies the consolidation of spiritual power in the king.

Figure 7.8.(Omitted) The seven holy oils. From right to left, setch-heb perfume (festival per­fume); hekenu oil; sefetch oil (or sesefetch, in utt. 74); nekhenem oil; tua oil; hat-ash oil (cedar oil); and hat-tchehennu oil (Libyan oil). Tomb of Pet-Amen-Apet.

Through the application of the seven holy oils, then, the Eye of Horns is filled. This is the mythic event that is activated by the application of the holy oils. In utterance 77, we read that through the anointing, the king becomes an akh ("shining spirit"), with sekhem ("power") in his body. The word for "body" here is tijet-the living body rather than the corpse. In this / Page 196 / utterance, the king is addressed as Horus, the living king, and the text is concerned with his attainment of both spiritual and physical power. In the other holy oil utterances (utts. 72-76 and utt. 78), the king is addressed as Osiris, but it is important to bear in mind that the king's identification with Osiris may have been only temporary. In the Sed festival "secret rites" of Niuserre, for instance, during which the living king underwent an Osiris identification, we know that sesefetch oil (referred to in utt. 74) was used.22

Figure 7.9. The offering of linen cloth. The "clothing" of the king symbolized his re-memberment after the Osirian dismemberment. Tomb of Pet-Amen-Apet.

The oils that were offered were composed of many different substances mingled together.23 Their names are descriptive of their healing properties rather than indicative of their composition. Thus the sesefetch oil of utterance 74 could be translated as "soothing oil," and was offered with the words:

Osiris Unas, accept the Eye of Horus on account of which he [i.e., Horus] suffered.

The nekhenem oil of utterance 75 had protective properties. It could be translated as "keeping safe oil" and was offered with the words:

Osiris Unas, accept the Eye of Horus that he [possibly Thoth] has kept safe.

There is here a paronomasia, or play on words, between the verb used at the end of the sentence (khenem) and the name of the oil (nekhenem oil).

This paronomasia is to be found in several other of the holy oil texts and we shall meet it again in later utterances, where it has the effect of magically enhancing the efficacy of the ritual act.
After the holy oils, linen is offered (fig. 7.9). The offering of the rolls of linen in utterance 81
has the symbolic significance of clothing the king as a resurrected Osiris. The cloth is provided by the cloth goddess Tayet, who has here the role of Isis, mythologically "weaving" the dismembered parts of the body of Osiris together / Page 197 / again, thereby making him whole.24 The clothing of Osiris could be regarded as the feminine counterpart to the filling of the Eye of Horus. It marks the successful accomplishment of the Osirian process of reconstitution after the dismemberment.25 Thus this stage of the liturgy would seem to correspond to the phase in the Osirian rites when the king is awakened. We know that in the Sed festival "secret rites" of Niuserre, linen cloth was offered to the king, so once again the context of this offering is not necessarily funerary.26

Figure 7.10.(Omitted) Part of a procession of offering bearers: The one on the .left carries a tray of food; the one on the right carries a duck and some lotus
flowers. From a limestone fragment in the pyramid temple of Unas.

Part 5: The Feast (Utts. 25 and 32, 82-96, 108-71)

The transition from the fourth to the final part of the liturgy is marked by the repetition of the two purification rites involving fire and water (utts. 25 and 32). The final part of the liturgy has to do entirely with the great feast. In the Ramesseum Dramatic Papyrus, a great feast was celebrated after the king had successfully undergone a most important "rite of passage" that concluded with his being symbolically reborn.27 Similarly, at the end of the Sed festival, an immense public feast traditionally was held. The reliefs in the sun temple of Niuserre, who, like Unas, reigned during the Fifth Dynasty, refer to 30,000 meals being provided at the Sed festival of the king.28 Surviving relief fragments from the pyramid temple of Unas that show
offering bearers carrying trays of produce may well be portraying preparations for the public feast at the end of his Sed festival, rather than funerary offerings for the dead king (see figs. 6.8 and 7.10). The pattern of a banquet being held after the successful accomplishment of the most demanding rituals involving the renewal of the kingship can be observed in other kingship festivals, both in Egypt and in neighboring Mesopotamia. At the New Year festival of Niuserre, /Page 198 / for example, more than 100,000 meals were served.29 The equivalent festival in Mesopotamia, the Akitil, also concluded with a great feast, following the successful liberation of the god Marduk from the "house of bondage."3o It is possible therefore that this last part of the offering liturgy took place during the final stages of the Sed festival ceremonies. Certainly the traditions of a great feast serve to cremind us once more that the offering and consumption of food did not occur in an exclusively funerary context.
In the Offering Liturgy of the north wall, any public aspect of the banquet is ignored. The focus is entirely on the ritual presentation of food to the king. The banquet commences with Thoth bringing the table of offer­ings before the king, as an "Eye of Horus" (utt. 82). Then come fourteen utterances, each preceded by the formula "Osiris Unas, take the Eye of Horns," followed by the name of the particular offering presented-cake, bread, beer, and so on (utts. 83-96). After this there is another purification of the king, this time with water and natron (utts. 108-9), then a further fourteen offerings of bread and cakes (utts. 110-23). The number fourteen has both lunar and Osirian significance, since it corresponds both to the cycle of the moon and to the mythological fact that Osiris was cut into fourteen pieces by Seth. It is as if in this first part of the great feast, the full cycle of the death and rebirth of both moon and Osiris is ritually enacted.
After this there are twelve utterances, all of which are meat offerings, save the second, which is of onions(utts. 124-35). As twelve is a number related to the solar cycle (the twelve hours of the day and the twelve hours of the night), it would appear that the great offering feast up to this point occurred against a cosmic backdrop of lunar and solar symbolism. Beyond this point, however, it is less easy to be sure of significant numerological correspondences. The twelve meat offerings are followed by five birds (utts. 136-40) and four more offerings of bread and cakes (utts. 141-44). These are followed by seven drink offerings (mostly different kinds of beer), each of two bowls, making fourteen bowls altogether (utts. 145-51). Then come figs (utt. 152), five different wine offerings (utts. 153-57), two offerings of bread (utts. 158-9), and again seven offerings of two bowls each of fruit and grain (utts.-60-66). The final five offerings are two bowls each of beans, beer, sweets, and so on (utts. 167-71).
If, as seems likely, the Offering Liturgy was not simply a "funerary" ritual but was also performed on and by the living king, then the offering of food in this final part of the liturgy can be understood as a feast celebrating the spiritual awakening of the king. Just as the moon dies for fourteen days and then returns to life again in the next fourteen days, and the sun journeys through the Underworld during the twelve hours of the nightand / Page 199 / is then reborn in the morning to travel through the twelve hours of the day, so too does the king die and return to life. The great feast that forms the final part of the Offering Liturgy was a celebration of the king's return to life, and it was precisely this that occasioned the public festivities that in all likelihood accompanied this phase of the liturgy.
There is, in fact, a text on the east wall of the sarcophagus chamber that gives every indication that it is the living king who consumes the offerings, for the text begins with the officiating priest calling to the king:

Awake! Turn yourself about! So shout I. O king, stand up and sit down to a thousand of bread, a thousand of beer, roast meat of your rib-joints from the slaughter-house, and iteh­bread from the Broad Hall. The god is provided with a god's offering, the king is provided with this bread of his.31

Figure 7.11 shows a relief fragment from the pyramid temple of Unas depicting (in all probability) the king sitting in front of an offering table on which are arranged long slices of bread. In his left hand he holds the seshed cloth, which, as we have seen, was a symbol of the triumph of the human spirit over death.32

Figure 7.11. The king sits in front of an offering table on which are arranged long slices of bread. Relief fragment from the pyramid temple of Unas.

Page 198

"The number fourteen has both lunar and Osirian significance, since it corresponds both to the cycle of the moon and to the mythological fact that Osiris was cut into fourteen pieces by Seth. It is as if in this first part of the great feast, the full cycle of the death and rebirth of both moon and Osiris is ritually enacted."

 

FOURTEEN 104 FOURTEEN

FOURTEEN 401 FOURTEEN

FOURTEEN 5 FOURTEEN

 

 

THE GOLDEN AGE OF MYTH AND LEGEND

Thomas Bulfinch

1796 - 1867

THE AGE OF FABLE

Page 360

Myth of Osiris and Isis

"Osiris and Isis were at one time induced to descend to the earth to bestow gifts and blessings on its inhabitants. Isis showed them first the use of wheat and barley) and Osiris made the instruments of agri-culture and taught men the use of them, as well as how to harness the ox to the plough. He then gave men laws) the institution of marriage, a civil organiza-tion, and taught them how to worship the gods. After he had thus made the valley of the Nile a happy country) he assembled a host with which he went to bestow his blessings upon the rest of the world. He conquered the nations everywhere) but not with weapons) only with music and eloquence. His brother Typhon saw this) and filled with envy and malice sought during his absence to usurp his throne. But Isis) who held the reins of government) frustrated his plans. Still more embittered) he now resolved to kill his brother. This he did in the following manner: Having organized a conspiracy of seventy - two members) he went with them to the feast which was celebrated in honour of the king's return. He then caused a box or chest to be brought in) which had been made to fit exactly the size of Osiris) and declared.that he would give that chest of precious wood to whoso-ever could get into it. The rest tried in vain) but no sooner was Osiris in it than Typhon and his companions closed the lid and flung the chest into the Nile. When Isis heard of the cruel murder she wept and mourned, and then with her hair shorn) clothed in black and beating her breast, she sought diligently for the body of her husband. In this search she was materially assisted by Anubis) the son of Osiris and Nephthys. They sought in vain for some time; for / Page 361 / when the chest, carried by the waves to the shores of Byblos, had become entangled in the reeds that grew at the edge of the water, the divine power that dwelt in the body of Osiris imparted such strength to the shrub that it grew into a mighty tree, enclosing in its trunk the coffin of the god. This tree with its sacred deposit was shortly after felled, and erected as a column in the palace of the king of Phoenicia. But at length, by the aid of Anubis and the sacred birds, Isis ascertained these facts, and then went to the royal city. There she offered herself at the palace as a servant, and, being admitted, threw off her disguise and appeared as the goddess, surrounded with thunder and lightning. Striking the column with her wand, she caused it to split open and give up the sacred coffin. This she seized and returned with it, and concealed it .in the depth of a forest, but Typhon discovered it, and cutting the body into fourteen pieces scattered them hither and thither. After a tedious search Isis found thirteen pieces, the fishes of the Nile having eaten the other. This she replaced by an imitation of sycamore wood, and buried the body at Philoe, which became ever after the great burying-place of the nation, and the spot to which pilgrimages were made from all parts of the country. A temple of surpassing magnificence was also erected there in honour of the god, and at every place where one of his limbs had been found minor temples and tombs were built to commemorate the event. Osiris became after that the tutelar deity of the Egyptians. His soul was supposed always to inhabit the body of the bull Apis, and at his death to transfer itself to his successor

.

SYCAMORE 99 SYCAMORE

SYCAMORE 36 SYCAMORE

SYCAMORE 9 SYCAMORE

 

 

THE GOLDEN BOUGH

J.G.Frazer 1922

Page 362

Chapter XXXVIII

THE MYTH

OF

OSIRIS

"IN ancient Egypt the god whose death and resurrection were annually celebrated with alternate sorrow and joy was Osiris, the most popular of all Egyptian deities; and there are good grounds for classing him in one of his aspects with Adonis and Attis as a personification of the great yearly vicissitudes of nature, especially of the corn. But the immense vogue which he enjoyed for many ages induced his devoted worshippers to heap upon him the attributes and powers of many other gods; so that it is not always easy to strip him, so to say, of his borrowed plumes and to restore them to their proper owners.

The story of Osiris is told in a connected form only by Plutarch, whose narrative has been confirmed and to some extent amplified in modern times by the evidence of the monuments.

Osiris was the offspring of an intrigue between the earth-god Seb (Keb or Geb, as the name is sometimes transliterated) and the sky- goddess Nut. The Greeks identified his parents with their own deities Cronus and Rhea. When the sun-god Ra perceived that his wife Nut had been unfaithful to him, he declared with a curse that she should be delivered of the child in no month and no year. But the goddess had another lover, the god Thoth or Hermes, as the Greeks called him, and he playing at draughts with the moon won from her a seventy-second part of every day, and having compounded five whole days out of these parts he added them to the Egyptian year / Page 363 / of three hundred and sixty days. This was the mythical origin of the five supplementary days which the Egyptians annually inserted at the end of every year in order to establish a harmony between lunar and solar time. On these five days, regarded as outside the year of twelve months, the curse of the sun-god did not rest, and accordingly Osiris was born on the first of them. At his nativity a voice rang out proclaiming that the Lord of All had come into the world. Some say that a certain Pamyles heard a voice from the temple at Thebes bidding him announce with a shout that a great king, the beneficent Osiris, was born. But Osiris was not the only child of his mother. On the second of the supplementary days she gave birth to the elder Horus, on the third to the god Set, whom the Greeks called Typhon, on the fourth to the goddess Isis, and on the fifth to the goddess Nephthys. Afterwards Set married his sister Nephthys, and Osiris married his sister Isis.

Reigning as a king on earth, Osiris reclaimed the Egyptians from savagery, gave them laws, and taught them to worship the gods. Before his time the Egyptians had been cannibals. But Isis, the sister and wife of Osiris, discovered wheat and barley growing wild, and Osiris introduced the cultivation of these grains amongst his people, who forthwith abandoned cannibalism and took kindly to a corn diet. Moreover, Osiris is said to have been the first to gather fruit from trees, to train the vine to poles, and to tread the grapes. Eager to communicate these beneficent discoveries to all mankind, he committed the whole government of Egypt to his wife Isis, and travelled over the world, diffusing the blessings of civilisation and agriculture wherever he went. In countries where a harsh climate or niggardly soil forbade the cultivation of the vine, he taught the inhabitants to console themselves for the want of wine by brewing beer from barley. Loaded with the wealth that had been showered upon him by grateful nations, he returned to Egypt, and on account of the benefits he had conferred on mankind he was unanimously hailed and worshipped as a deity. But his brother Set (whom the Greeks called Typhon) with seventy-two others plotted against him. Having taken the measure of his good brother's body by stealth, the bad brother Typhon fashioned and highly decorated a coffer of the same size, and once when they were all drinking and making merry he brought in the coffer and jestingly promised to give it to the one whom it should fit exactly. Well, they all tried one after the other, but it fitted none of them. Last of all Osiris stepped into it-and lay down. On that the conspirators ran and slammed the lid down on him, nailed it fast, soldered it with molten lead, and flung the coffer into the Nile. This happened on the seventeenth day of the month Athyr, when the sun is in the sign of the Scorpion, and in the eight-and-twentieth year of the reign or the life of Osiris. When Isis heard of it she sheared off a lock of her hair, put on mourning attire, and wandered disconsolately up and down, seeking the body

By the advice of the god of wisdom she took refuge in the papyrus / Page 364 / swamps of the Delta. Seven scorpions accompanied her in her flight. One evening when she was weary she came to the house of a woman, who, alarmed at the sight of the scorpions, shut the door in her face. Then one of the scorpions crept under the door and stung the child of the woman that he died. But when Isis heard the mother's lamentation, her heart was touched, and she laid her hands on the child and uttered her powerful spells; so the poison was driven out of the child and he lived. Afterwards Isis herself gave birth to a son in the swamps. She had conceived him while she fluttered in the form of a hawk over the corpse of her dead husband. The infant was the younger Horus, who in his youth bore the name of Harpocrates, that is, the child Horus. Him Buto, the goddess of the north, hid from the wrath of his wicked uncle Set. Yet she could not guard him from all mishap; for one day when Isis came to her little son's hiding-place she found him stretched lifeless and rigid on the ground: a scorpion had stung him. Then Isis prayed to the sun-god Ra for help. The god hearkened to her and staid his bark in the sky, and sent down Thoth to teach her the spell by which she might restore her son to life. She uttered the words of power, and straightway the poison flowed from the body of Horus, air passed into him, and he lived. Then Thoth ascended up into the sky and took his place once more in the bark of the sun, and the bright pomp passed onward jubilant.

Meantime the coffer containing the body of Osiris had floated down the river and away out to sea, till at last it drifted ashore at Byblus, on the coast of Syria. Here a fine erica-tree shot up suddenly and enclosed the chest in its trunk. The king of the country, admiring the growth of the tree, had it cut down and made into a pillar of his house; but he did not know that the coffer with the dead Osiris was in it. Word of this came to Isis and she journeyed to Byblus, and sat down by the well, in humble guise, her face wet with tears. To none would she speak till the king's handmaidens came, and them she greeted kindly, and braided their hair, and breathed on them from her own divine body a wondrous perfume. But when the queen beheld the braids of her handmaidens' hair and smelt the sweet smell that emanated from them, she sent for the stranger woman and took her into her house and made her the nurse of her child. But Isis gave the babe her finger instead of her breast to suck, and at night she began to burn all that was mortal of him away, while she herself in the likeness of a swallow fluttered round the pillar that contained her dead brother, twittering mournfully. But the queen spied what she was doing and shrieked out when she saw her child in flames, and thereby she hindered him from becoming immortal. Then the goddess revealed herself and begged for the pillar of the roof, and they gave it her, and she cut the coffer out of it, and fell upon it and embraced it and lamented so loud that the younger of the king's children died of fright on the spot. But the trunk of the tree she wrapped in fine linen, and poured ointment on it, and gave it to the king and queen, and the wood stands in a. temple of Isis and is / Page 365 / worshipped by the people of Byblus to this day. And Isis put the coffer in a boat and took the eldest of the king's children with her and sailed away. As soon as they were alone, she opened the chest, and laying her face on the face of her brother she kissed him and wept. But the child came behind her softly and saw what she was about, and she turned and looked at him in anger, and the child could not bear her look and died; but some say that it was not so, but that he fell into the sea and was drowned. It is he whom the Egyptians sing of at their banquets under the name of Maneros.

But Isis put the coffer by and went to see her son Horus at the city of Buto, and Typhon found the coffer as he was hunting a boar one night by the light of a full moon. And he knew the body, and rent it into fourteen pieces, and scattered them abroad. But Isis sailed up and down the marshes in a shallop made of papyrus, looking for the pieces; and that is why when people sail in shallops made of papyrus, the crocodiles do not hurt them, for they fear or respect the goddess. And that is the reason, too, why there are many graves of Osiris in Egypt, for she buried each limb as she found it. But others will have it that she buried an image of him in every city, pretending it was his body, in order that Osiris might be worshipped in many places, and that if Typhon searched for the real grave he might not be able to find it. However, the genital member of Osiris had been eaten by the fishes, .so Isis made an image of it instead, and the image is used by the Egyptians at their festivals to this day. .. Isis," writes the historian Diodorus Siculus, .. .recovered all the parts of the body except the genitals; and because she wished that her husband's grave should be unknown and honoured by all who dwell in the land of Egypt, she resorted to the following device. She moulded human images out of wax and spices, corresponding to the stature of Osiris, round each one of the parts of his body. Then she called in the priests according to their families and took an oath of them all that they would reveal to no man the trust she was about to repose in them. So to each of them privately she said that to them alone she entrusted the burial of the body, and reminding them of the benefits they had received she exhorted them to bury the body in their own land and to honour Osiris as a god. She also besought them to dedicate one of the animals of their country, whichever they chose, and to honour it in life as they had formerly honoured Osiris, and when it died to grant it obsequies like his. And because she \vould encourage the priests in their own interest to besto\v the aforesaid honours, she gave them a third part of the land to be used by them in the service and worship of the gods. Accordingly it is said that the priests, mindful of the benefits of Osiris, desirous of gratifying the queen, and moved by the prospect of gain, carried out all the injunctions of Isis. Wherefore to this day each of the priests imagines that Osiris is buried in his country, and they honour the beasts that were consecrated in the beginning, and when the animals die the priests renew at their burial the mourning for Osiris. But the sacred bulls, the one called Apis and the other / Page 366 / Mnevis, were dedicated to Osiris, and it. was ordained that they should be worshipped as gods in common by all the Egyptians, since these animals above all others had helped the discoverers of corn in sowing the seed and procuring the universal benefits of agriculture."

Such is the myth or legend of Osiris, as told by Greek writers and eked out by more or less fragmentary notices or allusions in native Egyptian literature. A long inscription in the temple at Denderah has preserved a list of the god's graves, and other texts mention the parts of his body which were treasured as holy relics in each of the sanctuaries. Thus his heart was at Athribis, his backbone at Busiris, his neck at Letopolis, and his head at Memphis. As often happens in such cases, some of his divine limbs were miraculously multiplied. His head, for example, was at Abydos as. well as at Memphis, and his legs, which were remarkably numerous, would have sufficed for several ordinary mortals. In this respect, however, Osiris was nothing to St.. Denys, of whom no less than seven heads, all equally genuine, are extant.

According to native Egyptian accounts, which supplement that of Plutarch, when Isis had found the corpse of her husband Osiris, she and her sister Nephthys sat down beside it and uttered a lament which in after ages became the type of all Egyptian lamentations for the dead

"Come to thy house," they wailed, " Come to thy house.

O god On ! come to thy house, thou who hast no foes.

O fair youth, come to thy house, that thou mayest see me. I am thy sister, whom thou lovest; thou shalt not part from me.

O fair boy, come to thy house. . . . I see thee not, yet doth my heart yearn after thee and mine eyes desire thee.

Come to her who loves thee, who loves thee, Unnefer, thou blessed one !

Come to thy sister, come to thy wife, to thy wife, thou whose heart stands still.

Come to thy housewife. I am thy sister by the same mother, thou shalt not be far from me.

 

 

Gods and men have turned their faces towards thee and weep for thee together. . . . I call after thee and weep, so that my cry is heard to heaven, but thou hearest not my voice; yet am I thy sister, whom thou didst love on earth; thou didst. love none but me, my brother ! my brother !" This lament for the fair youth cut off in his prime reminds us of the laments for Adonis. The title of Unnefer or " the Good Being"

bestowed on him marks the beneficence which tradition universally acribed to Osiris; it was at once his commonest title and one of his names as king.

The lamentations of the two sad sisters were not in vain. In pity for her sorrow the sun-god Ra sent down from heaven the jackal- headed god Anubis, who, with the aid of Isis and Nephthys, of Thoth and Horus, pieced together the broken body of the murdered god, swathed it in linen bandages, and observed all the other rites which the Egyptians were wont to perform over the bodies of the departed. Then Isis fanned the cold clay with her wings: Osiris revived, and thenceforth reigned as king over the dead in the other world. There he bore the titles of Lord of the Underworld, Lord of Eternity, Ruler / Page 367 / of the Dead. There, too, in the great Hall of the Two Truths, assisted by forty-two assessors, one from each of the principal districts of Egypt, he presided as judge at the trial of the souls of the departed, who made their solemn confession before him, and, their heart having been weighed in the balance of justice, received the reward of virtue in a life eternal or the appropriate punishment of their sins.

In the resurrection of Osiris the Egyptians saw the pledge of a life everlasting for themselves beyond the grave. They believed that every man would live eternally in the other world if only his surviving friends did for his body what the gods had done for the body of Osiris. Hence the ceremonies observed by the Egyptians over the human dead were an exact copy of those which Anubis, Horus, and the rest had performed over the dead god."At every burial there was enacted a representation of the divine mystery which had been per-formed of old over Osiris, when his son, his sisters, his friends were gathered round his mangled remains and succeeded by their spells and manipulations in converting his broken body into the first mummy, which they afterwards reanimated and furnished with the means of entering on a new individual life beyond the grave. The mummy of the deceased was Osiris; the professional female mourners were his two sisters Isis and Nephthys; Anubis, Horus, all the gods of the Osirian legend gathered about the corpse." In this way every dead Egyptian was identified with Osiris and bore his name. . From the Middle Kingdom onwards it was the regular practice to address the deceased as "Osiris So-and-So," as if he were the god himself, and to add the standing epithet "true of speech," because true speech was characteristic of Osiris. The thousands of inscribed and pictured tombs that have been opened in the valley of the Nile prove that the mystery of the resurrection was performed for the benefit of every dead Egyptian; as Osiris died and rose again from the dead, so all men hoped to arise like him from death to life eternal.

Thus according to what seems to have been the general native tradition Osiris was a good and beloved king of Egypt, who suffered a violent death but rose from the dead and was henceforth worshipped as a deity. In harmony with this tradition he was regularly repre-sented by sculptors and painters in human and regal form as a dead king, swathed in the wrappings of a mummy, but wearing on his head a kingly crown and grasping in one of his hands, which were left free from the bandages, a kingly sceptre. Two cities above all others were associated with his myth or memory. One of them was Busiris in Lower Egypt, which claimed to possess his backbone; the other was Abydos in Upper Egypt, which gloried in the possession of his head. Encircled by the nimbus of the dead yet living god, Abydos, originally an obscure place, became from the end of the Old Kingdom the holiest spot in Egypt; his tomb there would seem to have been to the Egyptians what the Church of the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem is to Christians. It was the wish of every pious man that his dead body should rest in hallowed earth near the grave of the glorified Osiris

Page 368

Few indeed were rich enough to enjoy this inestimable privilege; for, apart from the cost of a tomb in the sacred city, the mere transport of mummies from great distances was both difficult and expensive. Yet so eager were many to absorb in death the blessed influence which radiated from the holy sepulchre that they caused their surviving friends to convey their mortal remains to Abydos, there to tarry for a short time, and then to be brought back by river and interred in the tombs which had been made ready for them in their native land. Others had cenotaphs built or memorial tablets erected for themselves near the tomb of their dead and risen Lord, that they might share with him the bliss of a joyful resurrection."

Page 367

"Encircled by the nimbus of the dead yet living god,"

 

 

THE GARDEN OF THE GOLDEN FLOWER

Longfield Beatty

Page207 / 208

"And the next quotation is "relayed" from Budge (op. Cit., p. 521), having come from Papyrus No. 10188 (Brit. Mus.) There have been some omissions in order to reinforce as much as possible the particular aspect of it which is our immediate concern."

"…from Papyrus No. 10188"

" THE LAMENT OF THE SISTERS "

( Isis and Nepthys over the dead Osiris)

"Beautiful Youth, come to thy exalted house at once: we see thee not.

"Hail, beautiful boy, come to thy house, draw nigh after thy separation from us

"Hail Beautiful Youth, Pilot of Time, who groweth except at this hour.

"Holy image of his Father, mysterious essence proceeding from Tem.

"The Lord! How much more wonderful is he than his

Father, the first-born son of the womb of his mother.

"Come back to us in thy actual form; we will embrace

thee. Depart not from us, thou Beautiful Face, dearly beloved

one, the image of Tem, Master of Love.

"Come thou in peace, our Lord, we would see thee.

"Great Mighty One among the Gods, the road that thou

travellest cannot be described.

"The Babe, the Child at morn and at eve, except when

thou encirclest the heavens and the earth with thy bodily form.

"Come, thou Babe, growing young when setting, our

Lord, we would see thee.

"Come in peace, Great Babe of His Father, thou art

established in thy house.

"Whilst thou travellest thou art hymned by us, and

life springeth up for us out of thy nothingness. O our Lord,

come in peace, let us see thee.

"Hail Beautiful Boy, come to thy exalted house.; let thy

back be to thy house. The Gods are upon their thrones.

Hail ! come in peace, King.

"Babe! How lovely it is to see thee! Come, come to us,

O Great One, glorify our love.

"O ye gods who are in Heaven.

O ye gods who are in the Tuat.

O ye gods who are in the Abyss.

O ye gods who are in the service of the Deep.

We follow the Lord, the Lord, of Love!"

BRAHMA

"If the red slayer think he slays,

Or if the slain think he is slain

They know not well the subtle ways

I keep and pass and turn again."

R.W. Emerson

THE TRUE AND INVISIBLE ROSICRUCIAN ORDER

Paul Foster Case 1981

Page 108 9th and 10th line up

36 th and 37 th line down

45 lines in page

" Concerning the Invisible, Magical Mountain and the Treasure therein Contained."

 

 

THE MAGIC MOUNTAIN

Thomas Mann 1875-1955

Page 466

"Had not the normal, since time was, lived on the achievements of the abnormal? Men consciously and voluntarily descended into disease and madness, in search of knowledge which, acquired by fanaticism, would lead back to health; after the possession and use of it had ceased to be conditioned by that heroic and abnormal act of sacrifice. That was the true death on the cross, the true Atonement."

 

 

JOSEPH AND HIS BROTHERS

Thomas Mann

1875 - 1955

JOSEPH THE PROVIDER

Page 955

"But let your majesty be / Page 956 / ware of laying hands on the people's belief in Usir, King of the lower regions, to which it clings more obstinately than to any other deity, because all are equal before hIm, and each one hopes to go unto him with his name. Bear in mind the prejudice of the many, for what you give to Aton by diminishing Amun, you take away again by offending Usir."

"Ah, I assure you, Mama, the people only imagine that they cling so to Usir," cried Amenhotep. "How could it really cling to a belief that the soul which goes up to the judge's seat must pass through seven times seven regions of terror, inhabited by demons who cross-examine it as it passes in some three hundred and sixty several magiic formulas, each harder to remember than the last, yet the poor soul must have them all by heart and be able to repeat each one in th right place, otherwise it does not pass and will be devoured befor ever it reaches the judgment seat. And if it does get there, it ha every prospect of being devoured if its heart weighs too light in the scale; for then it is delivered over to the monstrous dog of Amente I ask you, where is there anything in all that to cling to? - it is against all the love and goodness of my Father above. Before Usir of the lower regions all are equal - yes, equal in terror. Whereas before my Father all shall be equal in joy. With Amun and Aton it is the same Amun too, with the help of Re, will be universal and will unite the world in worship of him. There they are of one mind. But Amun would make the world one in the rigid service of fear, a false and sinister unity, which my Father would not, for he would unite his children in joy and tenderness."

"Meni," said the mother again, in her low voice, "it would be better for you to spare yourself and not speak so much of joy and tenderness. You know from experience that the words are dangerous to you and put you beside yourself."

"I am speaking, Mama, of belief and unbelief," answered Amen-hotep; once more he worked himself out of the cushions and stood on his feet. "Of these I speak, and my own good mind tells me that disbelief is almost more important than belief. In belief there must be a sizable element of disbelief; for how can a man believe what is true so long as he also believes what is false? If I want to teach the people what is true, I must first take from them certaIn beliefs to which they cling. perhaps that. is cruel, but it is the. cruelty of love and my Father In the sky will forgive me. Yes, which is more glorIous, belief or disbelief, and which should come before the other? Believing is a great rapture for the soul. But not believing is almost more joyous than belief - I have found it so, My Majesty has experienced it, and I do not believe in the realms of fear and the demons and Usiri with his frightfully named ones and the devourer down there below."

 

 

JOSEPH THE PROVIDER

Page 964

"But / Page 965 /now," he added, "let us speak seriously of serious matters. Your God, who and what is He? You have neglected or avoided giving me a clear understanding. The forefather of your father, you say, discovered Him? That sounds as though he had found the true and only God. Is it possible that so remote from me in space and time a man divined that the true and only God is the sun's disk, the creator of sight and seen, my eternal Father above?"

"No, Pharaoh," Joseph answered smiling. "He did not stop at the sun disk. He was a wanderer, and even the sun was but a way-station on his painful wandering. Restless was he and unsatisfied - call it pride if you will; for thereby you seal your censure with the sign of honour and necessity. For it was the pride of the man, that the hu-man being should serve only the Highest. Therefore his thoughts went out beyond the sun."

Amenhotep had flushed. He sat bent forward, his head in the blue wig stretched out on its neck; with the tips of his fingers he squeezed and kneaded his chin.

"Mama, pay attention! By all you hold dear, pay strict attention," he breathed, without turning the fixed gaze of his grey eyes away from Joseph. His suspense was so great that it seemed he would tear away the veil which dimmed them.

"Go on, you!" said he. "Wait! Stop, 'no, go on! He did not stop? He went out beyond the sun? Speak! Or I will speak myself, though I know not what I should say."

"He made things hard for himself, in his unavoidable pride," Joseph said. "For this he was anointed. He overcame many temptations to worship and adore, for he longed to do so, but to worship the Highest one alone, for only this seemed right to him. Earth, the mother, tempted 'him; she who preserves life and brings forth fruit. But he saw her neediness, which only heaven can supply, and so he turned his face upwards. Him tempted the turmoil of the clouds, the uproar of the storm, the pelting rain, the blue lightning-flash driving down, the thunder's rattling roar. But he shook his head at their claims, for his soul instructed him they were all of the second rank. They were no better, so his soul spake to him, than he himself- perhaps lesser indeed, although so mighty; and though they were above him it was simply in space, but not in spirit. To pray to them, so he felt, was to pray too near and too low; and better not at all, he said to himself, than too near or low, for that was an abomination."

"Good," said Amenhotep, almost soundlessly, and kneaded his chin. "Good! Wait! No, go on! Mama, pay attention!"

"Yes, how many great manifestations did not tempt my forefather!" Joseph went on. "The whole host of the stars was among them, the shepherd and his sheep.Theywere indeed far and high, and very great in their courses. But he saw them scattered before the beams / Page 966 / of the morning star - and she indeed was surpassing lovely, of two- fold nature and rich in tales, yet weak, too weak for that which she heralded; she paled before it and vanished away poor morning star!"

"Spare your regrets!" ordered the King. "Here is matter for tri- umph. For tell me what it was she paled before, and who appeared, whom she had heralded?" he asked, making his voice sound as proud and threatening as it could.

"Of course, the sun," Joseph replied. "What a temptation for him who so longed to worship! Before its cruelty and its benignity all peoples of the earth bowed down. But my ancestor's caution was un-limited, his reservations endless. Peace and satisfaction, he said, are not the point. The all-important thing is to avoid the great peril to the honour of humanity, that man should bow down before a lower than the highest. 'Mighty art thou,' he said to Shamash-Marduk;'Bel, 'and mighty is thy power of blessing and cursing. But something there is above thee, in me a worm, and it warns me not to take the witness for that which it witnesses. The greater the witness, the greater the fault in me if I let myself be misled to worship it instead of that to which it bears witness. Godlike is the witness, but yet not God. I too am a witness arid a testimony: I and my doing and dreaming, which mount up above the sun towards that to which it more mightily bears witness than even itself, and whose heat is greater than the heat of the sun.' "

"Mother," Amenhotep whispered, without turning his eyes from Joseph, "what did I say? No, no, I did not say it, I only knew it, it was said to me. When of late I had my seizure, and revelation was vouchsafed me for the improvement of the teaching - for it is not complete, never have I asserted that it was complete - then I heard my Father's voice and it spoke to me saying: 'I am the heat of the Aton, which is in Him. But millions of suns could I feed from my fires. Callest thou me Aton, then know that the name itself stands in need of improvement. When you call me so, you are not calling me by my last and final name. For my last name is: the Lord of the Aton." Thus Pharaoh heard it, the Father's beloved child, and brought It back with him out of his attack. But he kept silent, and even the silence made him forget. Pharaoh has set truth in his heart, for the Father is the truth. But he is responsible for the triumph of the teaching, that all men may receive It; and he is concerned lest the improvement and purification, until at last it consist only of the pure truth, might mean to make it unteachable. This is a sore concern which no one can understand save one on whom as much responsibility rests as on Pharaoh. For others it is easy to say: 'You have not set truth in your heart, but rather the teaching.' Yet the teaching is the sole means of bringing men nearer the truth. It should be im- / Page 967 / proved; but if one improve it to the extent that it becomes unavail-able as a medium of truth - I ask the Father and you: will not only then the reproach be justified that I have shut up the teaching in my heart to the disadvantage of the truth? Pharaoh shows mankind the image of the revered Father, made by his artists: the golden disk from which rays go down upon his creatures, ending in tender hands, which caress all creation. 'Adore!' he commands. 'This is the Aton, my Father, whose blood runs in me, who revealed himself to me, but will be Father to you all, that you may become good and lovely in him.' And he adds: 'Pardon, dear human beings, that I am so strict with your thoughts. Gladly would I spare your simplicity. But it must be: Therefore I say to you: Not the image shall you worship when you worship, not to it sing your hymns when you sing; but rather to him whose image it is, you understand, the true disk of the sun, my Father in the sky, who is the Aton, for the image is not yet he.' That is hard enough; it is a challenge to men; out of a hundred, twelve understand it. But if now the teacher says: 'Still another and further effort must I urge upon you for the sake of truth, however much it pains me for your simplicity. For the image is but the image of the image and witness to a witness. Not the actual round sun up there in the sky are you to think of when you burn incense to his image and sing his praise - not this, but the Lord of Aton, who is the heat in it and who guides its course.' That goes too far, it is too much teaching, and not twelve, not even one understands. Only Pharaoh himself understands, who is outside of all count, and yet he is supposed to teach the many. Your forefather, soothsayer, had an easy task, although he made it hard for himself. He might make it as hard as he liked, striving after truth for his own sake and the sake of his pride, for he was only a wanderer. But I am King, and teacher; I may not think what I cannot teach. Whereas such a one very soon learns not even to think the unteachable. / Page 968 / eternal ages be held in honour. put we are speaking of two different things. My Majesty speaks of the fetters which the teaching puts upon the thoughts of God; yours refers to priestly statecraft, which divides teaching and knowledge. But Pharaoh would not be arro- gant, and there is no greater arrogance than such a division. No, there is no arrogance in the world greater than that of dividing the chil- dren of our Father into initiate and uninitiate and teaching double words: all-knowingly for the masses, knowingly in the inner circle. No, we must speak what we know, and witness what we have seen. Pharaoh wants to do nothing but improve the teaching, even though it be made hard for him by the teaching. And still it has been said to me: 'Call me not Aton, for that is in need of improvement. Call me the Lord of the Aton!' But I, through keeping silent, forgot. See now what the Father does for his beloved son! He sends him a mes- senger and dream-interpreter, who shows him his dreams, dreams from below and dreams from above, dreams important for the realm and for heaven; that he should awake in him what he already knows, and interpret what was already said to him. Yes, how loveth the Father his child the King who came forth out of him, that he sends down a soothsayer to him, to whom from long ages has been handed down the teaching that it profits man to press on towards the last and highest! "

"To my knowledge," Tiy coldly remarked, "your soothsayer came up from below, out of a dungeon, and not from above."

"Ah, in my opinion that is sheer mischief, that he came from be-low," cried Amenhotep. "And besides, above and below mean not much to the Father, who when he goes down makes the lower the upper, for where he shines, there is the upper world. From which it comes that his messengers interpret dreams from above and below with equal skill. Go on, soothsayer! Did I say stop? If I did, I meant go on! That wanderer out of the East, from whom you spring, did not stop at the sun, but pressed on above it?"

"Yes, in spirit," answered Joseph smiling. "For in the flesh he was but a worm on this earth, weaker than most of those above and below him. And still he refused to bow and to worship, even before one of these phenomena, for they were but witness and work, as he himself was. All being, he said, is a work of the highest, and before the being is the spirit of whom it bears witness. How could I commit so great a folly and bum incense to a witness, be it never so weighty - I, who am consciously a witness, whereas the others simply are and know it not? Is there not something in me of Him, for which all being is but evidence of the being of the Being which is greater than His works and is outside them? It is outside the world, and though it is the compass of the world, yet is the world not its compass. Far is the sun, surely three hundred and sixty thousand miles away, and yet / Page969 / his rays are here. But He who shows the sun the way hither is further than far, yet near in the same measure, nearer than near. Near or far is all the same to Him, for He has no space nor any time; and though the world is in Him, He is not in the world at all, but in heaven."

"Did you hear that, Mama?" asked Amenhotep in a small voice, tears in his eyes. "Did you hear the message which my heavenly Father sends me through this young man, in whom I straightway saw something, as he came in, and who interprets to me my dreams? I will only say that I have not said all that was said to me in my seizure, and, keeping silent, forgot it. But when I heard: 'Call me not Aton, but rather the Lord of the Aton,' then I heard also this: 'Call on me not as "my Father above," for that is of the sun in the sky; it must needs be changed, to say: "My Father who art in heaven" !' So heard I and shut it up within me, uecause I was anxious over the truth for the sake of the teaching. But he whom I took out of the prison, he opens the prison of truth that she may come forth in beauty and light; and teaching and truth shall embrace each other, even as I embrace him."

And with wet eyelashes he worked himself up out of his sunken seat, embraced Joseph, and kissed him.

"Yes, yes!" he cried: He began to hurry once more up and down the Cretan loggia, to the bee-portieres, to the windows and back, his hands pressed to his heart. "Yes, yes, who art in heaven, fur-ther than far and nearer than near, the Being of beings, that looks not into death, that does not become and die but is, the abiding light, that neither rises nor sets, the unchanging source, out of which stream all life, light, beauty, and truth-that is the Father, so reveals He Himself to Pharaoh His son, who lies in His bosom and to whom He shows all that He has made. For He has made all, and His love is in the world, and the world knows Him not. But Pharaoh is His witness and bears witness to His light and His love, that through Him all men may become blessed and may believe, even though now they still love the darkness more than the light that shines in it. For they under-stand it not, therefore are their deeds evil. But the son, who came from the Father, will teach it to them. Golden spirit is the light, father-spirit; out of the mother-depths below power strives upward to it, to be purified in its flame and become spirit in the Father. Im-material is God, like His sunshine, spirit is He, and Pharaoh teaches you to worship Him in spirit and in truth. For the son knoweth the Father as the Father knoweth him, and will royally reward all those who love Him and keep His commandments - he will make them great and gilded at court because they love the Father in the son who came out of Him. For my words are not mine, but the words of my Father who sent me, that all might become one in light and love, even as I and the Father are one. . . ."

 

 

WHY SMASH ATOMS

A. K. Solomon 1940

VAN DE GRAAFF GENERATOR

Page 77

"Once the fairy tale hero has penetrated the ring of fire round the magic mountain he is free to woo the heroine in her castle on the mountain top."

.....

 

OF TIME AND STARS

Arthur C. Clarke 1972

FOREWORD

"'Into the Comet' and 'The Nine Billion Names of God' both involve computers and the troubles they may cause us. While writing this preface, I had occasion to call upon my own HP 9100A computer, Hal Junior, to answer an interesting question. Looking at my records, I find that I have now written just about one hundred short stories. This volume contains eighteen of them: therefore, how many possible 18-story collections will I be able to put together? The answer ­as I am sure will be instantly obvious to you - is 100 x 99. . . x 84 x 83 divided by 18 x 17 x 16 ... x .2 x 1. This is an impressive number - Hal Junior tells me that it is approximately 20,772,733,124,605,000,000.

Page 15

The Nine Billion Names of God

'This is a slightly unusual request,' said Dr Wagner, with what he hoped was commendable restraint. 'As far as I know, it's the first time anyone's been asked to supply a Tibetan monastery with an Automatic Sequence Computer. I don't wish to be inquisitive, but I should hardly have thought that your - ah - establishment had much use for such a machine. Could you explain just what you intend to do with it?'
'Gladly,' replied the lama, readjusting his silk robes and carefully putting away the slide rule he had been using far currency conversions. 'Your Mark V Computer can carry out any routine mathematical operation involving up to ten digits. However, for our work we are interested in letters, not numbers. As we wish you to modify the output circuits, the machine will be printing words, not columns of figures.'
'I don't quite understand. . .'
'This is a project on which we have been working for the last three centuries - since the lamasery was founded, in fact. It is somewhat alien to your way of thought, so I hope you will listen with an open mind while I explain it.'
'Naturally.'
'It is really quite simple. We have been compiling a list which shall contain all the possible names of God.'
'I beg your pardon?'

Page16

'We have reason to believe,' continued the lama imperturbably, 'that all such names can be written with not more than nine letters in an alphabet we have devised.'
'And you have been doing this for three centuries?'
'Yes: we expected it would take us about fifteen thousand years to complete the task.'
'Oh,' Dr Wagner looked a little dazed. 'Now I see why you wanted to hire one of our machines. But what exactly is the purpose of this project?'
The lama hesitated for a fraction of a second, and Wagner wondered if he had offended him. If so, there was no trace of annoyance in the reply.
'Call it ritual, if you like, but it's a fundamental part of our belief. All the many names of the Supreme Being - God Jehova, Allah, and so on - they are only man-made labels. There is a philosophical problem of some difficulty here, which I do not propose to discuss, but somewhere among all the possible combinations of letters that can occur are what one may call the real names of God. By systematic permutation of letters, we have been trying to list them all.'
'I see. You've been starting at AAAAAAA . . . and working up to ZZZZZZZZ . . .'
'Exactly - though we use a special alphabet of our own. Modifying the electromatic typewriters to deal with this is, of course, trivial. A rather more interesting problem is that of devising suitable circuits to eliminate ridiculous combinations. For example, no letter must occur more than three times in succession.'
,'Three? Surely you mean two.'
'Three is correct: I am afraid it would take too long to explain why, even if you understood our language.' "

 

 

I = 9 9 = I

R = 9 9 = R

 

 

OF

T9ME AND STA9S

A9thu9 C. Cla9ke,1972

Page 15

THE N9NE B9LL9ON NAMES OF GOD

'Th9s 9s a sl9ghtly unusual 9equest,'sa9d D9 Wagne9, w9th what he hoped was commendable 9est9a9nt.' As fa9 as 9 know, 9t's the f99st t9me anyone's been asked to supply a T9betan monaste9y with an Automat9c Sequence Compute9. 9 don't w9sh to be 9nqu9s9t9ve, but 9 should ha9dly have thought that you9- ah - establ9shment had much use for such a mach9ne.Could you expla9n just what you 9ntend to do w9th 9t?'

'Gladly,' 9epl9ed the lama, 9eadjust9ng h9s s9lk 9obes and ca9efully putting away the sl9de 9ule he had been us9ng fo9 cu99ency conve9s9ons. 'You9 Ma9k V Compute9 can ca99y out any 9out9ne mathemat9cal ope9at9on 9nvolv9ng up to ten d9g9ts. Howeve9, for ou9 work we are 9nte9ested 9n lette9s, not numbe9s. As we w9sh you to mod9fy the output c9rcu9ts,the mach9ne w9ll be p99nt9ng wo9ds not columns of f9gu9es.'

'9 dont qu9te unde9stand…'

'Th9s 9s a p9oject on wh9ch we have been work9ng fo9 the last th9ee centu99es - s9nce the lamase9y was founded, 9n fact.9t 9s somewhat al9en to you9 way of thought, so9 hope you w9ll l9sten with an open m9nd wh9le 9 expla9n 9t

'Natu9ally.'

'9t 9s 9eally qu9te s9mple.We have been comp9l9ng a l9st wh9ch shall conta9n all the poss9ble names of God'

'9 beg you9 pa9don?' / Page16 / 'We have 9eason to bel9eve' cont9nued the lama 9mpe9tu9bably, ' that all such names can be w99tten with not mo9e than n9ne lette9s 9n an alphabet we have dev9sed,'

'And you have been do9ng th9s for three centu99es?

'Yes: we expected9t would take us about f9fteen thousand years to complete the task.'

'Oh, Dr Wagne9 looked a l9ttle dazed. 'Now9 see why you wanted to h99e one of ou9 mach9nes. But what exactly9s the pu9pose of th9s p9oject ?

'The lama hes9tated fo9 a f9act9on of a second, and Wagne9 wonde9ed9f he had offended h9m.9f so the9e was no t9ace of annoyance9n the 9eply.

'Call9t 99tual, 9f you l9ke, but 9t's a fundamental pa9t of ou9 bel9ef. All the many names of the Sup9eme Be9ng - God , Jehova , Allah , and so on - they a9e only man made labels. The9e 9s a ph9losoph9cal p9oblem of some d9ff9culty he9e, wh9ch9 do not p9opose to d9scuss, but somewhe9e among all the poss9ble comb9nat9ons of lette9s that can occu9 a9e what one may call the 9eal names of God. By systemat9c pe9mutat9on of lette9s, we have been t9y9ng to l9st them all'

9 see. You've been sta9t9ng at AAAAAAA… and wo9k-9ng up to ZZZZZZZZ …'

'Exactly - though we use a spec9al alphabet of ou9 own. Mod9fy9ng the elect9omat9c typew99te9s to deal w9th th9s 9s of cou9se t99v9al. A 9athe9 mo9e 9nte9est9ng p9oblem 9s that of dev9s9ng su9table c99cu9ts to el9m9nate 9 9d9culous comb9nat9ons. Fo9 example, no lette9 must occu9 mo9e than th9ee t9mes 9n sucess9on.'

'Th9ee? Su9ely you mean two.'

'Th9ee 9s co99ect; 9 am af9a9d 9t would take too long to expla9n why , even 9f you unde9stood ou9 language.'/ Page 17 / '9'm su9e 9t would,' sa9d Wagne9 hast9ly. 'Go on.'

'Luck9ly, 9t w9ll be a s9mple matte9 to adapt you9 Automat9c Sequence Compute9 fo9 th9s wo9k, s9nce once 9t has been p9og9ammed p9ope9ly 9t w9ll pe9mute each lette9 9n tu9n and p99nt the 9esult. What would have taken us f9fteen thousand years 9t w9ll be able to do 9n a hund9ed days.'

'Dr Wagne9 was sca9cely consc9ous of the fa9nt sounds f9om the Manhatten st9eets fa9 below. He was 9n a d9ffe9ent wo9ld, a wo9ld of natu9al, not man-made mounta9ns. H9gh up 9n the99 9emote ae99es these monks had been pat9ently at wo9k gene9at9on afte9 gene9at9on, comp9l9ng the99 l9sts of mean9ngless wo9ds. Was the9e any l9m9ts to the foll9es of mank9nd ? St9ll, he must g9ve no h9nt of h9s 9nne9 thoughts. The custome9 was always 99ght…"

 

 

OF TIME AND STARS

Arthur C. Clarke 1972

Page 68

Into the Comet


"Pickett's fingers danced over the beads, sliding them up and down the wires with lightning speed. There were twelve wires in all, so that the abacus could handle numbers up to 999,999,999,999 - or could be divided into separate sections where several independent calculations could be carried out simultaneously.
'374072,' said Pickett, after an incredibly brief interval of time. 'Now see how long you take to do it, with pencil and paper.'
There was a much longer delay before Martens, who like most mathematicians was poor at arithmetic, called out '375072'. A hasty check soon confirmed that Martens had taken at least three times as long as Pickett to arrive at the wrong answer.
The atronomer's face was a study in mingled chagrin, astonishment, and curiosity.
'Where did you learn that trick?' he asked. 'I thought those things could only add and subtract.'
'Well - multiplication's only repeated addition, isn't it? All I did was to add 856 seven times in the unit column, three times in the tens column, and four times in the hundreds column. You do the same thing when you use pencil and paper. Of course, there are some short cuts, but if you think I'm fast, you should have seen my grand-uncle. He used to work in a Yokohama bank, and you couldn't see his fingers / Page 69 / when he was going at speed"

 

 

DECIPHER

MANKIND HAD 1200 YEARS YEARS

TO CRACK THE CODE WE HAVE

ONE WEEK LEFT

Stel Pavlou

Page 357

24 hours

"We live in a universe of patterns. Every night the stars move in circles across the sky. The seasons cycle at yearly intervals. No two snowflakes are ever exactly the same, but the all have sixfold symmetry. Tigers and zebras are covered in patterns of stripes; leopards and hyenas are covered in pat terns of spots. Intricate trains of waves march across the oceans; very similar trains of sand dunes march across the desert . . . By using mathematics... we have discovered great secret: nature's patterns are not just there to be admired, they are vital clues to the rules that govern natural processes."

Ian Stewart, Nature's Numbers, 1995

 

 

Curious About Astronomy: Why is a day divided into 24 hours?
curious.astro.cornell.edu/question.php?number=594

18 Dec 2003 – A "decan" star was a star which rose just before sunrise at the beginning of a 10-day "decade" in Ancient Egypt. 36 "decan" stars marked the ...

 

 

MARCUS TULLIUS CICERO

 

 

Daily Mail, Saturday, October 6, 2012

ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS

Compiled by Charle Legge

QUESTION

Described by Pliny the Elder as 'the greatest building ever constructed by man' (Natural History, book XXXVI), what is known of the theatre of Marcus Scaurus

FURTHER to the earlier answer, it's no wonder Marcus Aemilius Scaurus was exonerated of extortion.

He was defended at his trial by six speakers. Among the six were two of Rome's greatest orators, Quintus Hortensius and Marcus Tullius Cicero. Cicero's address to the Senate on Scaurus behalf is a classic piece of rhetoric, often studied by Classics students.

According to Quintus Asconius Pedianus: 'In addition, Scaurus spoke on his own behalf and greatly impressed the jury by his unkempt clothing, his tears, his references to his generousity as Aedilis, his popularity and particularly his appeals to his father's reputation.'

To me he sounds guilty as sin.

Tina Sears, Manchester.

 

MARCUS TULLIUS CICERO

MAR33S T333I3S 3I3ERO

MARCUS TULLIUS CICERO

 

 

2061

ODYSSEY THREE

Arthur C. Clarke 1987

Page 13 (number 0mitted)

"THE MAGIC MOUNTAIN"

 

 

THE LOST WORLDS OF 2001

Arthur C.Clarke

1972

"Sorry to interrupt the festivities, but we have a problem."
(HAL 9000, during Frank Poole's birthday party)


"Houston, we've had a problem." (Jack Swigert, shortly after playing the

Zarathustra

theme to his TV audience, aboard Apollo 13 Command Module Odyssey)

 

 

THE MAGIC MOUNTAIN

Thomas Mann 1924

Page 706

THE

THUNDERBOLT

 

 

THE DIE IS NOW CAST NOW CAST IS THE DIE

 

 

THERE IS NO ATTEMPT MADE TO DESCRIBE THE CREATIVE PROCESS REALISTICALLY

THE ACCOUNT IS SYMBOLIC AND SHOWS GOD CREATING THE WORLD BY MEANS OF LANGUAGE

AS THOUGH WRITING A BOOK BUT LANGUAGE ENTIRELY TRANSFORMED

THE MESSAGE OF CREATION IS CLEAR EACH LETTER OF

THE

ALPHABET

IS

GIVEN

A

NUMERICAL

VALUE BY COMBINING THE LETTERS WITH THE SACRED NUMBERS

REARRANGING THEM IN ENDLESS CONFIGURATIONS

THE MYSTIC WEANED THE MIND AWAY FROM THE NORMAL CONNOTATIONS OF WORDS

 

 

THE LIGHT IS RISING NOW RISING IS THE LIGHT

 

 

SOMEONE WHO KNOWS SOMETHING

 

 

T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
H
=
8
-
5
HUMAN
57
21
3
E
=
5
-
10
EXPERIENCE
104
59
5
-
-
15
-
18
First Total
194
95
14
-
-
1+5
-
1+8
Add to Reduce
1+9+4
9+5
1+4
-
-
6
-
9
Second Total
14
14
5
-
-
--
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+4
1+4
--
-
-
6
-
9
Essence of Number
5
5
5

 

 

T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
H
=
8
-
5
HUMAN
57
21
3
C
=
3
-
9
CONDITION
94
49
4
-
-
13
-
17
First Total
184
85
13
-
-
1+3
-
1+7
Add to Reduce
1+8+4
9+5
1+3
-
-
4
-
8
Second Total
13
13
4
-
-
--
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+3
1+3
--
-
-
4
-
8
Essence of Number
4
4
4

 

 

T
=
2
-
18
THE HUMAN EXPERINCE
194
95
14
5
T
=
2
-
17
THE HUMAN CONDITION
184
85
13
4
-
-
4
-
35
-
378
180
27
9
-
-
--
-
3+5
-
3+7+8
1+8+0
2+7
--
-
-
4
-
8
-
18
9
9
9
-
-
--
-
-
-
1+8
--
--
--
-
-
4
-
8
-
9
9
9
4

 

 

T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
P
=
7
-
5
POWER
77
32
5
A
=
1
-
3
AND
19
10
1
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
G
=
7
-
5
GLORY
77
32
5
-
-
19
-
19
-
239
104
23
-
-
1+9
-
1+9
-
2+3+9
1+0+4
2+3
-
-
10
-
10
-
14
5
5
-
-
1+0
-
1+0
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
5
5
5

 

 

THE DIVINE INVASION

Philip K. Dick 1981

Page 85

'What's wrong?' Elias put his arm around the boy and lifted him up to hold him. 'I've never seen you so upset.'

'He listened to that while my mother was dying!' Emmanuel stared into Elias's bearded face.

I remember, Emmanuel said to himself. I am beginning to remember who I am.

Elias said, 'What is it?' He held the boy tight.

It is happening, Emmanuel realized. At last. That was the first of the signal that I — I myself — prepared. Knowing it would eventually fire.
The two of them gazed into each other's faces. Neither the boy nor the man spoke. Trembling, Emmanuel clung to the old bearded man; he did not let himself fall.
'Do not fear,' Elias said.

'Elijah,' Emmanuel said. 'You are Elijah who comes first. Before, the great and terrible day.'

Elias, holding the boy and rocking him gently, said, 'You have nothing to fear on that day.'

'But he does,' Emmanuel said. 'The Adversary whom we hate. His time has come. I fear for him, knowing as I do, now, what is ahead.'

'Listen,' Elias said quietly.

How you have fallen from heaven, bright morning star,
felled to the earth, sprawling helpless across the nations!
You thought in your own mind,
I will scale the heavens;
I will set my throne high above the stars of God,
I will sit on the mountain where the gods meet
in the far recesses of the north.
I will rise high above the cloud-banks
and make myself like the Most High.
Yet you shall be brought down to Sheol,
to the depths of the abyss.
Those who see you will stare at you,
they will look at you and ponder . . .

Page 86

You see?' Elias said. 'He is here. This is his place, this little world. He made it his fortress two thousand years ago, and set up a prison for the people as he did in Egypt. For two thousand years the people have been crying and there was no response, no aid. He has them all. All thinks he is safe.'
Emmanuel, clutching the old man, began to cry.
`Still afraid?' Elias said.
Emmanuel said, 'I cry with them. I cry with my mother. I cry with the dying dog who did not cry. I cry for them. And for Belial who fell, the bright morning star. Fell from heaven and began it all.'
And, he thought. I cry for myself. I am my 'mother; I am the dying dog and the suffering people, and I, he thought, am that bright morning star, too . . . even Belial; I am that and what it has become.
The old man held him fast.

 

 

THE DIVINE INVASION

Philip K. Dick 1981

8

Page 106

'The Torah is the Law?' Herb said.

It is more than the Law. the word "Law is inadequate. Even though the new testament of the Christians always uses the word "Law" for Torah. Torah is the /Page 107/ totality of divine disclosure by God; it is alive; it existed before creation. It is a mystic, almost cosmic, entity. The Torah is the Creator's instrument. With it he created the universe and for it he created the universe. It is the highest idea and the living soul of the world. Without it the world could not exist and would have no right to exist. I am quoting the great Hebrew poet Hayyim Nahman Bialik who lived from the latter part of the nineteenth century into the mid-twentieth century. You should read him sometime.'
`Can you tell me anything else about the Torah?'
`Resh Lakish said, "If one's intent is pure, the Torah for him becomes a life-giving medicine, purifying him to life. But if one's intent is not pure, it becomes a death-giving drug, purifying him to death."'
The two men remained silent for a time.
`I will tell you something more,' Elias said. 'A man came to the great Rabbi Hillel — he lived in the first century, CE — and said, "I will become a proselyte on the condition that you teach me the entire Torah while I stand on one foot." Hillel said, "Whatever is hateful to you, do not do it to your neighbor. That is the entire Torah. The rest is commentary; go and learn it."' He smiled at Herb Asher.
`Is the injunction actually in the Torah?' Herb Asher said. 'The first five books of the Bible?'
`Yes. Leviticus nineteen, eighteen. God says, "You shall love your neighbor as a man like yourself." You did not know that, did you? Almost two thousand years before Jesus.'
`Then the Golden Rule derives from Judaism,' Herb said.
'Yes, it does, and early Judaism. The Rule was presented to man by God himself.'
I have a lot to learn,' Herb said.

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
TORAH
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
TO
35
8
8
-
-
-
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
2
A+H
9
9
9
T
=
2
-
5
TORAH
62
26
26
-
-
-
-
-
-
6+2
2+6
2+6
T
=
2
-
5
TORAH
8
8
8

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
TORAH
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
TO
35
8
8
-
-
-
-
1
R+A+H
27
18
9
T
=
2
-
5
TORAH
62
26
26
-
-
-
-
-
-
6+2
2+6
2+6
T
=
2
-
5
TORAH
8
8
8

 

 

THE DIVINE INVASION

Philip K. Dick 1981

10

Page 139

About the two of them the wind rustled, as if speaking. He could hear the wind as words. And the wind said;

BEWARE!

He wondered if she heard it, too.
But they were still friends. Zina told Emanuel about an early identity that she had once had. Thousands of years ago, she said, she had been Ma'at, the Egyptian goddess who represented the cosmic order and justice. When someone died his heart was weighed against Ma'at's ostrich feather. By this the person's burden of sins was determined.
The principle by which the sinfulness of the person was determined consisted of the degree of his truthfulness. To the extent that he was truthful the judgement went in his favor. This judgement was presided over by Osiris, but since Ma'at was the goddess of truthfulness, then it followed that the determination was hers to make.
`After that,' Zina said, 'the idea of the judgement of human souls passed over into Persia.' In the ancient Persian religion, Zoroastrianism, a sifting bridge had to be crossed by the newly dead person. If he was evil the bridge got narrower and narrower until he toppled off and plunged into the fiery pit of hell. Judaism in its later stages and Christianity had gotten their ideas of the Final Days from this.
The good person, who managed to cross the sifting bridge, was met by the spirit of his religion: a beautiful young woman with superb, large breasts. However, if the person was evil the spirit of his religion consisted of a dried-up old hag with sagging paps. You could tell at a glance, therefore, which category you belonged to.

 

 

THE DIVINE INVASION

Philip K. Dick 1981

14

Page 194

Oh my God, he said to himself; he shook violently. Blood and living words, and something intelligent close by, simulating the world, or the world simulating it; something camouflaged, an entity that was aware of him.
A beam of pink light blinded him; he felt dreadful pain in his head, and clapped his hands to his eyes. I am blind! he realized. With the pain and the pink light came understanding, an acute knowledge; he knew that Zina was not a human woman, and he knew, further, that the boy Manny was not a human boy. This was not a real world he was in; he understood that because the beam of pink light had told him that. This world was a simulation, and something living and intelligent and sympathetic wanted him to know. Something cares about me and it has penetrated this world to warn me, he realized, and it is camouflaged as this world so that the master of this world, the lord of this unreal realm, will not know; not know it is here and not know it has told me. This is a terrible secret to know, he thought. I could be killed for knowing this. I am in a -

FEAR NOT

`Okay,' he said, and still trembled. Words inside his head, knowledge inside his head. But he remained blind, and the pain also remained. 'Who are you?' he said. 'Tell me your name.'

VALIS

`Who is "Valis"?' he said

THE LORD YOUR GOD

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
KNOW N KNOW
-
-
-
K
=
2
-
4
KNOW
63
18
9
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
K
=
2
-
4
KNOW
63
18
9
-
-
9
-
9
KNOW N KNOW
140
41
23
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4+0
1+0+4
2+3
-
-
9
-
9
KNOW N KNOW
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
9
-
9
KNOW N KNOW
5
5
5

 

 

THE DIVINE INVASION

Philip K. Dick 1981

Page 54

"I do remember some things, then, "Emamanuel said.

"You'll remember more. You see, you set up a disinhibiting stimulus that would remind you before-well, when the right time came. You're the only one who knows what the stimulus is. Even Elias doesn't know it. I don't know it; you hid it from me, back when you were what you were."

"I am what I am now," Emmanuel said.

"Yes, except that you have an impaired memory," Zina said, pragmatically. "So it isn't the same.

"I guess not," the boy said. "I thought you said you could make me remember."

"There are different kinds of remembering. Elias can make you remember a little, and I can make you remember more; but only your own disinhibiting stimulus can make you be. The word is .. . you have to bend close to me to listen; only you should hear this word. No, I'll write /page 55/ it." Zina took a piece of paper from a nearby desk, and a length of chalk, and wrote one word.

HAYAH

Gazing down at the word, Emmanuel felt memory come to him, but only for a nanosecond; at once-almost at once-it departed.

"Hayah," he said, aloud.

"That is the Divine Tongue," Zina said.

"Yes," he said. "I know." The word was Hebrew, a Hebrew root word. And the Divine Name itself came from that word. He felt a vast and terrible awe; he felt afraid.

"Fear not," Zina said quietly.

"I am afraid," Emmanuel said, "because for a moment I remembered." Knew, he thought, who I am.

But he forgot again. By the time he and the girl had gone outside into the yard he no longer knew. And yet-strange!-he knew that he had known, known and forgotten again almost at once. As if, he thought, I have two minds inside me, one on the surface and the other in the depths. The surface one has been injured but the deep one has not. And yet the deep one can't speak; it is closed up. Forever? No; there would be the stimulus, one day. His own device.

Probably it was necessary that he not remember. Had he been able to recall into consciousness everything, the basis of it all, then the government would have killed him. There existed two heads of the beast, the religious one, a Cardinal Fulton Statler Harms, and then a scientific one named N. Bulkowsky. But these were phantoms. To Emmanuel the Christian-Islamic Church and the Scientific Legate did not constitute reality. He knew what lay /page 56/ behind them. Elias had told him. But even had Elias not told him he would have known anyhow; he would everywhere and at every time be able to identify the Adversary.

What did puzzle him was the girl Zina. Something in the situation did not ring right. Yet she had not lied; she could not lie. He had not made it possible for her to deceive; that constituted her fundamental nature: her veracity. All he had to do was ask her.

Meanwhile, he would assume that she was one of the zine; she herself had admitted that she danced. Her name, of course, came from dziana, and sometimes it appeared as she used it, as Zina.

Going up to her, stopping behind her but standing very close to her, he said in her ear, "Diana."

At once she turned. And as she turned he saw her change. Her nose became different and instead of a girl he saw now a grown woman wearing a metal mask pushed back so that it revealed her face, a Greek face; and the mask, he realized, was the war mask. That would be Pallas. He was seeing Pallas, now, not Zina. But, he knew, neither one told him the truth about her. These were only images. Forms that she took. Still, the metal mask of war impressed him. It faded, now, this image, and he knew that no one but himself had seen it. She would never reveal it to other people. The Divine Invasion

"Why did you call me 'Diana'?" Zina asked.

"Because that is one of your names."

Zina said, "We will go to the Garden one of these days. So you can see the animals."

"I would like that," he said. "Where is the Garden?"

"The Garden is here," Zina said.

"I can't see it."

"You made the Garden," Zina said.

"I can't remember." His head hurt; he put his hands against the sides of his face. Like my father, he thought; he used to do what I am doing. Except that he is not my father.

To himself he said, I have no father.

Pain filled him, the pain of isolation; suddenly Zina had disappeared, and the school yard, the building, the city-everything vanished. He tried to make it return but it would not return. No time passed. Even time had been abolished. I have completely forgotten, he realized. And because I have forgotten, it is all gone. Even Zina, his darling and delight, could not remind him now; he had returned to the void.

A low murmuring sound moved slowly across the face of the void, across the deep. Heat could be seen; at this transformation of frequency heat appeared as light, but only as a dull red light, a somber light. He found it ugly.

My father, he thought. You are not.

His lips moved and he pronounced one word.

HAYAH

The world returned.

 

I AM THE OPPOSITE OF THE OPPOSITE I AM THE OPPOSITE OF OPPOSITE IS THE AM I ALWAYS AM

 

 

T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
P
=
7
-
5
POWER
77
32
5
A
=
1
-
3
AND
19
10
1
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
G
=
7
-
5
GLORY
77
32
5
-
-
19
-
19
-
239
104
23
-
-
1+9
-
1+9
-
2+3+9
1+0+4
2+3
-
-
10
-
10
-
14
5
5
-
-
1+0
-
1+0
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
5
5
5

 

 

THE DIVINE INVASION

Philip K. Dick 1981

15

Page 210

"To Zina Pallas, the boy said, you have lost.'

'Yes, I have lost.' She nodded. 'You made her real and he still cares for her. The dream for him is no longer a dream; it is true down to the level of disappointments.'

'Which is the stamp of authenticity.'

'Yes,' she said. 'Congratulations.' Zina extended her hand to Emmanuel and they shook.

'And now,' the boy said, 'you will tell me who you are.'

 

16

Page 211

"Zina said, 'Yes, I will tell you who I am, Emmanuel, but I will not let your world return. Mine is better. Herb Asher leads a much happier life; Rybys is alive . . . Linda Fox is real - '

'But you did not make her real,' he said. I did.'

'Do you want back again the world you gave them? With the winter, its ice and snow and everything? It is I who burst the prison; I brought in the springtime. I deposed the procurator maximus and the chief prelate. Let it stay as it is.'

'I will transmute your world into the real,' he said. 'I have already began. I manifested myself to Herb Asher when you kissed him; I penetrate your world in my true form. I am making it my world, step by step. What the people must do, however is remember. They may live in your world but they must know that a worse one existed and they were forced to live in it. I restored Herb Asher's memories, and the other dream dreams.'

'That's fine with me.'

'Tell me, now,' he said, 'who you are.'

'Let us go,' she said, 'hand in hand. Like Beethoven and Goethe: two friends. Take us to Stanley Park in British Columbia and we will observe the animals there, the bwolves, the great white wolves. It is a beautiful park, and LionsgatebBridge is beautiful; Vancouver, British Columbia is the most beautiful city on Earth.'

'That is true,' he said, 'I had forgotten.'

'And after you view it Iwant you to ask yourself if you /Page 212/ would destroy it or change it in any way. I want you to inquire of yourself if you would, upon seeing such earthly beauty, bring into existence your great and terrible day in which all the arrogant and evil-doers shall be chaff, set ablaze, leaving them neither root nor branch. OK?'

'OK,' Emmanuel said.

Zina said

We are spirits of the air

Who of human beings take care.

'Are you?' he said. Because, he thought, if that is so then you are an atmospheric spirit, which is to say - an angel.

Zina said:

Come, all ye songsters of the sky,

Wake and assemble in this wood:

But no ill-boding bird be nigh,

None but the harmless and the good.

'What are you saying?' Emmanuel said,

'Take us to Stanley Park first,' Zina said. 'Because if you take us there, we shall actually be there; it will be no dream.'

'He did so.

Together they walked across the verdant ground, among the vast trees. These stands, he knew, had never been logged; this was the primeval forest. 'It is exceedingly beautiful,' he said to her.

'It is the world,' she said.

'Tell me who you are.'

Zina said I am the Torah.'

Page 213

After a moment Emmanuel said, 'Then I can do nothing regarding the universe without consulting you.'

'And you can do nothing regarding the universe that is contrary to what I say.' Zina said, 'as you yourself decided, in the beginning, when you created me. You made me alive; I am a living being that thinks. I am the plan of the universe , its blueprint. That is the way you intended it and that is the way it is.'

'Hence the slate you gave me,' he said.

'Look at me Zina said.

He looked at her - and saw a young woman, wearing a crown, and sitting on a throne. Malkuth,' he said. 'The lowest of the ten sefiroth.'

'And you are the Eternal Infinite En Sof,' Malkuth said. 'The first and highest of the sefiroth of theTree of Life.'

'But you said that you are the Torah.'

'In the Zohar,' Malkuth said, 'the Torah is depicted as a beautiful maiden living alone, secluded in a great castle. Her secret lover comes to the castle to see her, but all he can do is wait futilely outside hoping for a glimpse of her. Finally she appears at the window and he is able to catch sight of her, but only for an instant. Later on she lingers at the window and he is able, therefore, to speak with her: yet, still, she hides her face behind a veil . . . and her answers to his questions are evasive. Finally, after a long time, when her lover has become despairing that he will ever get to know her, she permits him to see her face at last.'

Emmanuel said, 'Thus revealing to her lover all the secrets which she has up to now, throughout the long courtship, kept buried in her heart. I know the Zohar.

You are right.'

Page 214

'So you know me now, En Sof,' Malkuth said. Does it please you?'

'It does not,' he said ' 'because although what you say is true, there is one more veil to be removed from your face. There is one more step.'

'True,' Malkuth, the lovely young woman seated on the throne, wearing a crown, said, 'but you will have to find it.'

'I will,' he said. I am so close now; only a step, one single step away.'

'You have guessed,' she said. But you must know.'

'How beautiful you are, Malkuth,' he said. 'And of course you are here in the world and love the world; you are the sefira that represents the Earth. You are the womb containing everything, all the other sefiroth that constitute the Tree itself; those other forces, nine of them, are generated by you.'

'Even Kether,' Malkuth said, calmly. 'Who is highest.'

'You are Diana,the fairy queen, he said. 'You are Pallas Athena, the spirit of righteous war; you are the spring queen, you are Hagia Sophia, Holy Wisdom; you are the Torah which is the formula and blueprint of the universe; you are Malkuth of the Kabala, the lowest of the ten sefiroth of the tree of life; and you are my companion and friend, my guide. But what are you actually? Under all the disguises? I know what you are and - He put his hand on hers. 'I am beginning to remember. The Fall, when the Godhead was torn apart.'

'Yes,' she said, nodding. 'You are remembering back to that, now. To the beginning.'

'Give me time.' he said. 'Just a little more time. It is hard. It hurts.'

She said, 'I will wait.' Seated on her throne she waited.

Page 215

She had waited for thousands of years, and, in her face, he could see the patient and placid willingness to wait longer, as long as was necessary. both of them had known from the beginning that this moment would come, when they would be back together. They were together now, again, as it had been originally. All he had to do was name her. To name is to know, he thought. To know and to summon; to call.

'Shall I tell you your name?' he said to her.

She smiled, the lovely dancing smile, but no mischief shone in her eyes; instead, love glimmered at him, vast extents of love.

 

 

MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY

 

Mayday - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayday

Mayday is an emergency procedure word used internationally as a distress signal in voice procedure radio communications. It derives from the French venez ...

Mayday calls - History - Other urgent calls - See also

Mayday

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Mayday is an emergency procedure word used internationally as a distress signal in voice procedure radio communications. It derives from the French venez m'aider, meaning "come help me".[1]

It is used to signal a life-threatening emergency primarily by mariners and aviators, but in some countries local organisations such as police forces, firefighters, and transportation organizations also use the term. The call is always given three times in a row ("Mayday Mayday Mayday") to prevent mistaking it for some similar-sounding phrase under noisy conditions, and to distinguish an actual Mayday call from a message about a Mayday call.

 

 

A

60

SECOND 60 SECOND

MINUTE 1 MINUTE

MIND + MATTER 9 MATTER +MIND

 

 

JUST SIX NUMBERS

Martin Rees

1
999

OUR COSMIC HABITAT

PLANETS STARS AND LIFE

Page 24

A

proton

is

1,836 times heavier than an electron, and the number 1,836

would have the same connotations to any 'intelligence'

 

GOD IS ATUM IS GOD

GOD IS 1234 IS GOD

GOD IS ATUM IS GOD

 

 

T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
C
=
3
-
13
CONSTELLATION
159
51
6
O
=
3
-
2
OF
21
12
3
O
=
6
-
5
ORION
71
35
8
-
-
17
-
23
-
284
113
23
-
-
1+7
-
2+3
-
2+8+4
1+1+3
2+3
-
-
8
-
5
-
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
8
-
5
-
5
5
5

 

 

T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
H
=
8
-
5
HEART
52
25
7
O
=
6
-
2
OF
21
12
3
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
M
=
4
-
6
MATTER
77
23
6
B
-
22
-
19
First Total
216
90
27
-
-
2+2
-
1+9
Add to Reduce
2+1+6
9+0
2+7
-
-
4
-
10
Second Total
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
1+0
Reduce to Deduce
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
1
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
WISE
-
-
-
1
W
23
5
5
1
I
9
9
9
1
S
28
10
1
1
E
5
5
5
4
WISE
56
20
11
-
-
5+6
2+0
1+1
4
WISE
11
2
2
-
-
1+1
-
-
4
WISE
2
2
2

 

 

-
WISE
-
-
-
1
W
23
5
5
2
IS
28
10
1
1
E
5
5
5
4
WISE
56
20
11
-
-
5+6
2+0
1+1
4
WISE
11
2
2
-
-
1+1
-
-
4
WISE
2
2
2

 

 

-
WISE
-
-
-
1
W
23
5
5
-
IS
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
WISE
-
-
-

 

 

-
WISDOM
-
-
-
1
W
23
5
5
-
IS
-
-
-
3
D+O+M
32
14
5
-
WISDOM
-
-
-

 

 

-
WISDOM
-
-
-
1
W
23
5
5
2
IS
28
10
1
1
D+O+M
32
14
5
4
WISDOM
83
29
11
-
-
8+3
2+9
1+1
4
WISDOM
11
11
2
-
-
1+1
1+1
-
4
WISDOM
2
2
2

 

 

-
WISDOM
-
-
-
1
W
23
5
5
1
I
9
9
9
1
S
19
10
1
1
D
4
4
4
1
O
15
6
6
1
M
13
4
4
4
WISDOM
83
29
11
-
-
8+3
2+9
1+1
4
WISDOM
11
11
2
-
-
1+1
1+1
-
4
WISDOM
2
2
2

 

 

-
COMMAND
-
-
-
2
C+O
18
9
9
3
M+M+A
27
9
9
2
N+D
18
9
9
7
COMMAND
63
27
27
-
-
6+3
2+7
2+7
7
COMMAND
9
9
9

 

 

-
COMMANDED
-
-
-
2
C+O
18
9
9
3
M+M+A
27
9
9
2
N+D
18
9
9
2
E+D
9
9
9
9
COMMANDED
72
36
36
-
-
7+2
3+6
3+6
9
COMMANDED
9
9
9

 

 

1
I
9
9
9
4
THAT
49
13
4
2
AM
14
14
5
7
Add to Reduce
72
36
18
-
Reduce to Deduce
7+2
3+6
1+8
7
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

1
I
9
9
9
2
AM
14
5
5
4
THAT
49
13
4
1
I
9
9
9
2
AM
14
5
5
10
First Total
95
41
32
1+0
Add to Reduce
9+5
4+1
3+2
1
Second Total
14
5
5
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+4
-
-
1
Essence of Number
5
5
5

 

 

I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
A
=
1
-
2
AM
14
5
5
T
=
2
-
4
THAT
49
13
4
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
A
=
1
-
2
AM
14
5
5
B
-
22
-
10
First Total
95
41
32
-
-
2+2
-
1+0
Add to Reduce
9+5
4+1
3+2
-
-
4
-
1
Second Total
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+4
-
-
-
-
4
-
1
Essence of Number
5
5
5

 

153 TIMES 12 EQUALS 1836 + = 99 = + 1836 EQUALS 12 TIMES 153

 

7
WHITHER
91
46
1
5
GOEST
66
21
3
4
THOU
64
19
1
16
-
221
86
5
1+6
-
2+2+1
8+6
-
7
-
5
14
5
-
-
-
1+4
-
7
-
5
5
5

 

 

 

The Four Quartets

Burnt Norton

T. S. Eliot

I

"Time present and time past
Are both perhaps present in time future
And time future contained in time past."

 

 

THE ART OF MEMORY

FRANCIS A. YATES 1979

THE OCCULT PHILOSOPHY IN THE ELIZABETHAN AGE

JOHN DEE AND THE FAERIE QUEENE

Page 120

"Aristotle in his Ethics defines justice of proportion, an idea which suggests proportion as an ethical quality.As John Dee noted in his Preface to Euclid of 1570: 'Aristotle in his Ethikes ... was fayne to fly to the perfection and power of numbers for proportions / Page 121 / arithmeticall and geometricall.26"

Page 222

EPILOGUE

IF I SAY PERADVENTURE THE DARKNESS SHALL COVER ME: THEN SHALL MY NIGHT BE TURNED TO DAY.

YEA THE DARKNESS IS NO DARKNESS WITH THEE, BUT THE NIGHT IS AS CLEAR AS THE DAY:

THE DARKNESS AND LIGHT TO THEE ARE BOTH ALIKE.

 

 

THE DIVINE INVASION

Phillip K. Dick 1981

Page 5

THE TIME YOU HAVE WAITED FOR HAS COME. THE WORK IS COMPLETE;

THE FINAL WORLD IS HERE. HE HAS BEEN TRANSPLANTED AND IS ALIVE.

- Mysterious voice in the night

 

 

 
 
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